HIV-1 envelope proteins (ENV)

signal peptide gp120 gp160 gp41 cleavage
FUNCTION
    Gp120 attaches the virus to the host cell by binding to the attachment receptor CD4. This interaction induces a structural rearrangement creating a high affinity binding site for a chemokine entry receptor like CXCR4 and/or CCR5. HIV-1 CCR5 strains predominate in the early stages of disease, while CXCR4-using strains correlate with an increase of disease progression.
INTERACTIONS
    The envelope spike is composed of trimers of gp120/gp41 heterodimers.
    Interacts with CD4 to allow virus attachment.
    Interacts with CXCR4 and CCR5.
    Interacts with DC-SIGN on dendritic cells.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION
  • Virion
  • Host cytoplasm
TIMING OF EXPRESSION
    Late

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