Inhibition of host autophagy by virus (kw:KW-1083)
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved mechanism for the sequestration and subsequent lysosomal degradation of discrete intracellular portions of eukaryotic cells, facilitating the removal of materials not degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In addition, autophagy plays important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens.

Several viruses have develop ways to subvert the pathway for their own benefit in order to avoid the immune response or to increase their viral replication. Beclin-1 is an essential autophagy protein and constitutes the major target for manipulation of autophagy by viruses. For example, HHV-1 ICP34.5 binds to Beclin-1 and inhibits autophagosome formation. HIV and Influenza A virus use the same mechanism through Nef and M2 respectively, that also interact with and inhibit host Beclin-1.
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)175 entries grouped by strain
2 entries
Human herpesvirus 1 (strain 17) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1) reference strain
2 entries
Human herpesvirus 2 (strain HG52) (HHV-2) (Human herpes simplex virus 2) reference strain
1 entry
African swine fever virus (strain Badajoz 1971 Vero-adapted) (Ba71V) (ASFV) reference strain
1 entry
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) reference strain
1 entry
Epstein-Barr virus (strain AG876) (HHV-4) (Human herpesvirus 4) reference strain
1 entry
Epstein-Barr virus (strain B95-8) (HHV-4) (Human herpesvirus 4) reference strain
1 entry
Human cytomegalovirus (strain AD169) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain
1 entry
Human cytomegalovirus (strain Merlin) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate MAL) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate U455) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate ARV2/SF2) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BRU/LAI) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate MN) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate RF/HAT3) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (strain 89.6) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate 92BR025) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate ETH2220) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate ELI) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate 93BR020) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate VI850) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate 90CF056) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate ANT70) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Aichi/2/1968 H3N2) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) reference strain
1 entry
Molluscum contagiosum virus subtype 1 (MOCV) (MCVI) reference strain
1 entry
Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) (Murine gammaherpesvirus 68) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate CPZ GAB1) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate EK505) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate MB66) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
African swine fever virus (isolate Pig/Kenya/KEN-50/1950) (ASFV)
1 entry
Epstein-Barr virus (strain GD1) (HHV-4) (Human gammaherpesvirus 4)
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 1 (strain CVG-2) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1)
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 1 (strain F) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1)
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 1 (strain MGH-10) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1)
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 1 (strain MP) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate Z321) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH8) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BRVA) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB3) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JRCSF) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate LW123) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate OYI) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate PCV12) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SC) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SF162) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SF33) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate YU-2) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate NDK) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate Z6) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP255) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP257) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate 92NG083) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate SE6165) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate VI991) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9173) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9280) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 96CM-MP535) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 97ZR-EQTB11) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate MVP5180) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Ann Arbor/6/1960 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Bangkok/1/1979 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Beijing/353/1989 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Beijing/39/1975 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Brazil/11/1978 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/South Carolina/1/1918 H1N1))
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Budgerigar/Hokkaido/1/1977 H4N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Brescia/1902 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/31.2/2002 H5N1 genotype X1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/37.4/2002 H5N1 genotype X2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/715.5/2001 H5N1 genotype E)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/96.1/2002 H5N1 genotype Y)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/FY150/2001 H5N1 genotype D)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU22/2002 H5N1 genotype Z)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/2001 H5N1 genotype B)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1/1983 H5N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1983 H5N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Scotland/1959 H5N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Shantou/4231/2003 H5N1 genotype V)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Victoria/1/1985 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Weybridge H7N7) (Influenza A virus (strain A/FPV/Weybridge H7N7))
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chile/1/1983 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/China:Nanchang/11/1996 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Czechoslovakia/1956 H4N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/England/1/1956 H11N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Germany/1949 H10N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hokkaido/8/1980 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hong Kong/2986.1/2000 H5N1 genotype C)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/England/878/1969 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Alaska/1/1991 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Jillin/1/1989 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Kentucky/1/1981)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Kentucky/2/1986 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/New Market/1/1977 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/New Market/1979 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Prague/1/1956 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Tennessee/5/1986 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Warren/1/1950 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fowl plague virus/Rostock/8/1934 H7N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Goose/Guangxi/345/2005 H5N1 genotype G)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Grey teal/Australia/2/1979 H4N4)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Maryland/1815/1979 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Maryland/1824/1978 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Maryland/704/1977 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Massachusetts/26/1980 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Minnesota/945/1980 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Henry/1936 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hickox/1940 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/1/1968 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/156/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/212/2003 H5N1 genotype Z+)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/5/1983 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/India/6263/1980 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Japan/305/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Korea/426/1968 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/17/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/47/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Malaysia:Malaya/302/1954 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/New York/6750/1978 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/1/1971 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/101/1972 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/102/1972 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/110/1976 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/18/1978 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/2/1978 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/4/1980 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/8/1988 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Northern Territory/60/1968 H3N2) (Influenza A virus (strain NT60)) (Influenza A virus (strain A/NT/60/1968 H3N2))
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Philippines/2/1982 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Port Chalmers/1/1973 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Qu/7/1970 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Russia:St.Petersburg/8/2006 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Seal/Massachusetts/1/1980 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Shearwater/Australia/1972 H6N5)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/SF189/2001 H5N1 genotype A)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/YU100/2002 H5N1 genotype X3)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Singapore/1/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/29/1937 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Colorado/1/1977 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Hong Kong/127/1982 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/17672/1988 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/May/1954 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Netherlands/12/1985 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Ontario/2/1981 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Tennessee/24/1977 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1961 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1967 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Tokyo/3/1967 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ireland/1378/1983 H5N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/501/1978 H6N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/833/1980 H4N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ontario/6118/1968 H8N4)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 H5N9)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Oregon/1971 H7N3)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Wisconsin/1/1966 H9N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Albany/12/1951 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Huston/AA/1945 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Iowa/1943 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Memphis/10/1996 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Phila/1935 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USSR/90/1977 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Udorn/1972 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Udorn/307/1972 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Wilson-Smith/1933 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/WS/1933 H1N1))
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Wisconsin/3523/1988 H1N1)
1 entry