Insect vector for plant viruses

Most plant viruses depend in insect vectors for their survival, transmission and spread. Specific virus-insect vectors interactions have evolved, in a mutualistic symbiosis at the detriment of the plant.
The principal families of insect vectors which cause the most damage to agricultural crops through the spread of plant virus are in the order Hemiptera, and include the aphids, leafhoppers, delphacid planthoppers and whiteflies.

The transmission can be:
Non-circulative (NC): The virus binds the stylet during feeding and is released when the insect secrets saliva on a new feeding place.
Circulative, non-propagative:The virus circulates up through the food canal and cross the midgut and hindgut reaching the hemocoel. Then virus particles cross accessory salivary glands and return to the plant via the saliva canal.
Circulative, propagative:The virus circulates in the host as described above, but actually infects insect cells and replicates in the vector.

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Virus family Type of vector Mode of transmission Location of virus Reference
Single-stranded DNA viruses
Geminiviridae: Begomovirus Whitefly ? Midgut, filter chamber
Double-stranded RNA viruses
Reoviridae: Phytoreovirus leafhopper ? Midgut, filter chamber
positive stranded RNA viruses
Betaflexviridae Carlavirus Aphid Non-circulative
Bromoviridae Alphamovirus Aphid Non-circulative
Bromoviridae Cucumovirus Aphid Non-circulative Stylet
Closteroviridae Aphid, mealybug, Whitefly Non-circulative Foregut
Comovirinae Fabavirus Aphid Non-circulative
Luteoviridae Aphid Circulative non propagative Midgut, hindgut
Nanoviridae Aphid, Planthopper Circulative non propagative
Potyviridae: Macluravirus Aphid Non-circulative
Potyviridae: Potyvirus Aphid Non-circulative Stylet
Sequivirus Aphid, leafhopper Circulative propagative
negative stranded RNA viruses
Rhabdoviridae Aphid, leafhopper, Planthopper Circulative propagative Midgut
Emaravirus Eriophyid Mite ?
Tenuivirus Planthopper ?
Bunyaviridae Thrips ? Midgut
Reverse-transcribing DNA viruses
Caulimoviridae Aphid, mealybug, leafhopper Non-circulative Stylet, acrostyle