Muromegalovirus (taxid:10365)

VIRION

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Enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic, 150-200 nm in diameter, T=16 icosahedral symmetry. Capsid consists of 162 capsomers and is surrounded by an amorphous tegument. Glycoproteins complexes are embeded in the lipid envelope.
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GENOME

Monopartite, linear, dsDNA genome of about 230 kb predicted to encode more than 170 open reading frames. The genome contains terminal and internal reiterated sequences.

GENE EXPRESSION

Each viral transcript usually encodes a single protein and has a promoter/regulatory sequence, a TATA box, a transcription initiation site, a 5' leader sequence of 30-300 bp (not translated), a 3' nontranslated sequence of 10-30 bp, and a poly A signal. There are many gene overlaps. There are only few spliced genes. Some of the expressed ORFs are antisense to each other. Some ORFs can be accessed from more than one promoter. There are some non-coding genes.

ENZYMES

REPLICATION

NUCLEAR

Lytic replication:

  1. Attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell.
  2. Entry into host cell is still unclear and may depend on the host cell type, i.e. endocytosis versus fusion at the plasma membrane.
  3. The capsid is transported to the nuclear pore where the viral DNA is released into the nucleus.
  4. Transcription of immediate early genes which promote transcription of early genes and protect the virus against innate host immunity.
  5. Transcription of early viral mRNA by host polymerase II, encoding proteins involved in replication of the viral DNA.
  6. A first round of circular genome amplification occurs by bidirectional replication
  7. Synthesis of linear concatemer copies of viral DNA by rolling circle.
  8. Transcription of late mRNAs by host polymerase II, encoding structural proteins.
  9. Assembly of the virus in nuclear viral factories and budding through the inner lamella of the nuclear membrane which has been modified by the insertion of herpes glycoproteins, throughout the Golgi and final release at the plasma membrane.

Latent replication : replication of circular viral episome in tandem with the host cell DNA using the host cell replication machinery.

Host-virus interaction

Adaptive immune response inhibition

Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) uses m152 and m06 encoded proteins to inhibit surface expression of MHC I molecules .

Apoptosis modulation

Murine cytomegalovirus m38.5 protein interacts with host Bax in infected cells and thus inhibits Bax-mediated cell death . The m36 gene product termed M-vICA plays also a role in cell death suppression .

Cell-cycle modulation

The conserved UL24 family of human alpha, beta and gamma herpesviruses induces a cell cycle arrest at G2/M transition through inactivation of the host cyclinB/cdc2 complex. MCMV encodes an UL24 homolog that performs this role . In addition, the IE3 protein is able to arrest cell cycle in G1/S transition or in G2/M.

Innate immune response inhibition

HCMV inhibits the cascade leading to production of interferon-beta by targeting host IRF3 protein with the viral pp65 protein. The m157 protein delivers inhibitory signals to NK cell subsets expressing Ly49I or Ly49I-like inhibitory receptors. Another protein, m04 forms complexes with MHC I and escorts them to the cell surface. This mechanism prevents NK cell activation by restoring the "self" signature and allowing the engagement of inhibitory Ly49 receptors on NK cells. Four other MCMV proteins m145, m152, m155 and m138 are involved in the down-modulation of NKG2D ligand expression.

Host splicing inhibition

HCMV UL69 modulates the host mRNA expression by exporting unspliced mRNA, thereby inducing alternative splicing.

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

24 entries grouped by protein

1 entry

Cytoplasmic envelopment protein 3

CEP3_MUHVK
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain K181) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus)

1 entry

Major DNA-binding protein

DNBI_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

2 entries

DNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.7)

Select_allDeselect_all
DPOL_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain
DPOL_RCMVM
Rat cytomegalovirus (strain Maastricht) reference strain

1 entry

Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) (EC 3.6.1.23) (dUTP pyrophosphatase)

DUT_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein B (gB)

GB_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein H (gH)

GH_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

2 entries

Envelope glycoprotein L (gL)

Select_allDeselect_all
GL_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain
GL_MUHVK
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain K181) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus)

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein M (gM)

GM_MUHVK
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain K181) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus)

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein N

GN_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

mRNA export factor ICP27 homolog

ICP27_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

Large tegument protein deneddylase (EC 3.4.19.12) (EC 3.4.22.-)

LTP_MUHVK
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain K181) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus)

1 entry

Protein M35

M35_MUHVK
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain K181) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus)

1 entry

DNA primase (EC 2.7.7.-)

PRIM_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit-like protein (Viral inhibitor of RIP activation)

RIR1_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

Tripartite terminase subunit 1

TRM1_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

2 entries

G-protein coupled receptor homolog M33

Select_allDeselect_all
UL33_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain
UL33_RCMVM
Rat cytomegalovirus (strain Maastricht) reference strain

G-protein coupled receptor homolog R33

1 entry

Serine/threonine protein kinase M97 (EC 2.7.11.1)

UL97_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus)

1 entry

Immediate-early protein 1 (IE1) (Immediate-early phosphoprotein PP89)

VIE1_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

Immediate-early protein 2 (IE2)

VIE2_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

Immediate-early protein 3 (IE3)

VIE3_MUHVS
Murid herpesvirus 1 (strain Smith) (MuHV-1) (Mouse cytomegalovirus) reference strain

1 entry

Viral Lymphotactin (Viral XCL1) (vSCL1)

VXCL1_RCMVE
Rat cytomegalovirus (isolate England) (RCMV-E) (Murid herpesvirus 8) reference strain