Virus budding by cellular exocytosis


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Budding at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER -Golgi-Intermediate Compartment (ERGIC) or Golgi apparatus indicates that the viral particles are exported by cellular exocytosis.

There is a correlation between the site of budding and the site of replication. Enveloped (+) RNA viruses and dsRNA viruses bud on ER or in the ERGIC, possibly because they replicate their genome in close proximity to these cellular organelles. Bunyaviruses bud at the Golgi, where they replicate in membrane invaginations.

Family Virus Replication site Budding location Polarized cell budding Evidence
Arteriviridae Equine arteritis virus ER DMV ERGIC
Bunyaviridae Bunyamwera virus Golgi tubes Golgi Basolateral
Coronaviridae Human SARS coronavirus ER DMV ERGIC Apical
Flaviviridae Dengue virus ER spherules ER Basolateral?
Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B virus Cytoplasm ER Basolateral, apical
Herpesviridae Herpes simplex virus Nucleus Golgi Basolateral
Poxviridae Vaccinia virus Viroplasm Trans-Golgi network, or early endosome Apical
Reoviridae Rotavirus Viroplasm ER Apical