Evasion of bacteria-mediated translation shutoff by virus (kw:KW-1259)

Viral infections disturb the host physiological balance and can trigger host antiviral defense systems. Some of these defense systems alter vital cellular processes by blocking a crucial step of virus multiplication and ending up with the host cell dormancy or even death .
The blockage is mediated by host proteins, designed here as toxins, that are activated upon infection. The vast majority of toxins found so far interfere with the translation process, mostly via mRNA or tRNA cleavage .
Some of these toxins are part of a toxin-antitoxin system (TA) where the toxin is normally kept inactive by the antitoxin. Some toxins have been named Abi (abortive infection) according to the fatal outcome .
Prokaryotic viruses can counteract these defense systems by making up for the altered function or by mimicking the antitoxin molecule in order to protect themselves against the negative effects of toxin activation.

Here are some examples of viruses counteracting the host translational shutoff:

Family	Genus	Virus	Host bacteria	Bacterial toxin	Toxin activation	Toxin activity	Viral evasion strategy	Ref.
Myoviridae	unclassified	ΦTE	Pectobacterium atrosepticum	ToxN	Degradation of antitoxin ToxI	mRNAs site-specific endoribonuclease	Viral pseudo-ToxI RNA
Myoviridae	Punalikevirus	Enterobacteria phage P1	E.coli	MazF	Degradation of antitoxin MazE	mRNAs site-specific endoribonuclease	?
Myoviridae	T4likevirus	Enterobacteria phage T4	E.coli	RnlA	Degradation of antitoxin RnlB	mRNAs endoribonuclease	Viral antitoxin Dmd
Myoviridae	T4likevirus	Enterobacteria phage T4	E.coli	LsoA	Degradation of antitoxin LsoB	mRNAs endoribonuclease	Viral antitoxin Dmd
Myoviridae	T4likevirus	Enterobacteria phage T4	E.coli	PrrC	By T4 Stp	tRNALys anticodon nuclease	T4 polynucleotide kinase or RNA ligase repair enzymes
Myoviridae	T4likevirus	Enterobacteria phage T4	E.coli	LitA	Complex of T4 Gol and host EF-Tu	Host EF-Tu cleavage	Mutations in Gol
Siphoviridae	unclassified	Lactococcus phage P008	L.lactis	AbiQ	Degradation of antitoxin mRNA	Endoribonuclease	gp38 mediated?