Nanotubule intercellular connections
Some viruses use intercellular connections as a means to directly access the cytoplasm of a new host. This allows the virus to bypass host immunity and the complex budding-travel-attachment-entry steps to infect a new cell progeny. These intercellular connections are commonly termed nanotubules, virological synapse or bridging conduits. The extend to which these differently named structures are distinct from one another is unclear.
HIV-1 has been shown to use intercellular connections in macrophages
and in T-cells.
Influenzavirus, Suid herpesvirus-1 and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus seems to use intercellular connections as well.
Influenza A virus uses intercellular connections to spread to neighboring cells
Kari L. Roberts, Balaji Manicassamy, Robert A. Lamb
J. Virol. February 2015; 89: 1537?1549
Kari L. Roberts, Balaji Manicassamy, Robert A. Lamb
J. Virol. February 2015; 89: 1537?1549
Membrane nanotubes physically connect T cells over long distances presenting a novel route for HIV-1 transmission
Stefanie Sowinski, Clare Jolly, Otto Berninghausen, Marco A. Purbhoo, Anne Chauveau, Karsten K?hler, Stephane Oddos, Philipp Eissmann, Frances M. Brodsky, Colin Hopkins, Bj?rn Onfelt, Quentin Sattentau, Daniel M. Davis
Nat. Cell Biol. February 2008; 10: 211?219
Stefanie Sowinski, Clare Jolly, Otto Berninghausen, Marco A. Purbhoo, Anne Chauveau, Karsten K?hler, Stephane Oddos, Philipp Eissmann, Frances M. Brodsky, Colin Hopkins, Bj?rn Onfelt, Quentin Sattentau, Daniel M. Davis
Nat. Cell Biol. February 2008; 10: 211?219
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 endocytic trafficking through macrophage bridging conduits facilitates spread of infection
Irena Kadiu, Howard E. Gendelman
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol December 2011; 6: 658?675
Irena Kadiu, Howard E. Gendelman
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol December 2011; 6: 658?675
Porcine Reproductive and
Respiratory Syndrome Virus Utilizes Nanotubes for Intercellular Spread
Guo R, Katz BB, Tomich JM, Gallagher T, Fang Y. . J Virol. 2016 Apr 29;90(10):5163-5175
Guo R, Katz BB, Tomich JM, Gallagher T, Fang Y. . J Virol. 2016 Apr 29;90(10):5163-5175
Pseudorabies virus US3-induced tunneling nanotubes contain
stabilized microtubules, interact with neighbouring cells via cadherins and allow
intercellular molecular communication.
Jansens RJJ, Van den Broeck W, De Pelsmaeker S, Lamote JAS, Van Waesberghe C, Couck L, Favoreel HW. J Virol. 2017 Jul 26.
Jansens RJJ, Van den Broeck W, De Pelsmaeker S, Lamote JAS, Van Waesberghe C, Couck L, Favoreel HW. J Virol. 2017 Jul 26.