Editing the genomic template would be disastrous because the change is irreversible. Therefore, this only occurs during transcription in negative-stranded RNA viruses; no editing occurs during replication.
RNA editing (kw:KW-0691)
Note: The canonic definition of editing implies a post-transcriptional event, but in virology this term is also used for polymerase slippage.
Some viruses encode genes that express multiple proteins by using overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) through a process known as RNA editing. In these viruses, the RNA polymerase reads the same template base more than once, resulting in insertions (0, 1, 2, etc. base insertions) that lead to different mRNAs, producing different types of proteins.
co-transcriptional editing, Negative stranded RNA virus
| Genus | Virus | Major insertions | Protein | % | Upstream sequence | Position | Reference |
| Respirovirus | BPIV3 | 1 to 6 Gs | P / V / D | 33-33-33 | AGGGAAUUAAAAAAGGG | 707-723 |  |
| Respirovirus | hPIV3 | 1 to 6 Gs | P / V / D | 33-33-33 | AAAGAAUUAAAAAAGGG | 707-723 | |
| Henipavirus | Nipah virus | 1 G | P / V / W | 50-25-25 | AGGGAAUUAAAAAAGGG | 707-723 | |
| Respirovirus | Sendai virus | 1 G | P / V / W | 70-25-5 | GACUCAACAAAAAAGGG | 934-950 | |
| Morbilivirus | Measles virus | 1 G | P / V / W | 60-35-5 | ACACCCAUUAAAAAGGG | 676-692 | |
| Morbilivirus | Phocine distemper virus | 1 G | P / V / W | - | GAACCCAUUAAAAAGGG | 676-692 | |
| Morbilivirus | Rinderpest virus | 1 G | P / V / W | - | AAACCCAUUAAAAAGGG | 676-692 | |
| Morbilivirus | Canine distemper virus | 1 G | P / V / W | - | GGAUCCAUUAAAAAGGG | 675-691 | |
| Morbilivirus | Dolphin morbillivirus | 1 G | P / V / W | - | AAAUCCAUUAAAAAGGG | 676-692 | |
| Rubulavirus | Simian virus 5 | 2 G | V / P | - | CAUCGAUUUUAAGAGGG | 474-490 | |
| Rubulavirus | Mumps virus | 2 G | V / P | - | AACAGAAUUUAAGAGGG | 447-463 | |
| Rubulavirus | Parainfluenza virus type 4 | 2 G | V / P | - | CAGGAUAUUUAAGAGGG | 441-457 | - |
| Rubulavirus | La piedad, Michoacan virus | 2 G | V / P | - | AGCAGUUUUAAAAAGGG | 486-502 | |
| Rubulavirus | Parainfluenza virus type 2 | 2 G | V / P | - | CCCCAACUUUAAGAGGG | 470-486 | |
| Ebolavirus | Ebolavirus | 1 A | sGP / GP / ssGP | - | GACCCUUUGAUUUUUUU | 870-886 | |
co-transcriptional editing, Positive stranded RNA virus
| Genus | Virus | Major insertions | Protein | % | Upstream sequence | Position | Reference |
| Potyvirus | Turnip mosaic virus | 1 A | P3 / P3N-PIPO | 98-2 | CUCCAUUUUGGAAAAAA | 2954 | |
| Potyvirus | Plum Pox Virus | 1 A | P3 / P3N-PIPO | 98.4-1.6 | ......GUGGAAAAAA | 2913 | |
| Potyvirus | Sweet potato feathery mottle virus | 1 A | P1 / P1N-PISPO | 88.2/11.8 | .......AUGGAAAAAA | 1389 | |
| Potyvirus | Sweet potato feathery mottle virus | +1 A or -1 A | P3 / P3N-PIPO | 98.2/1.2 or 0.6 | UGAGCUUAUGGAAAAAA | 3955 | |
RNA polymerase slippage as a mechanism for the production of frameshift gene products in plant viruses of the potyviridae family
Bernardo Rodamilans, Adrian Valli, Ares Mingot, David San Leon, David Baulcombe, Juan J. Lopez-Moya, Juan A. Garcia
J. Virol. July 2015; 89: 6965?6967
Bernardo Rodamilans, Adrian Valli, Ares Mingot, David San Leon, David Baulcombe, Juan J. Lopez-Moya, Juan A. Garcia
J. Virol. July 2015; 89: 6965?6967
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