Viral attachment to host cell (kw:KW-1161)
Binding to the target host molecule(s) leads to viral genome entry into the host cell, triggers signaling pathways, or allows the virion to be carried by host cells to a specific organ.
Cell receptors to virus can be classified in two classes: adhesion receptors are attaching the virus in a reversible manner to target cells or organs. This adhesion is not mandatory for virus entry, and alone do not trigger entry. Nonetheless it enhances significantly infectivity by concentrating the virus in the vicinity of it's entry receptors. These receptors are triggering virus entry by endocytosis/pinocytosis or by inducing fusion/penetration, and the consequences of this binding are irreversible. They have often be named "co-receptors".
Virus attachment to target cells can involve different partners: -Viral proteins that bind host glycans, receptor proteins, adhesion proteins or peptidases. -Viral glycans that bind host lectins. -Viral lipids that bind host receptor proteins.
Most virus species have one or several host receptor:
dsDNA viruses
ssDNA viruses
dsRNA viruses
ssRNA(+) viruses
ssRNA(-) viruses
ssRNA(RT) viruses
dsRNA(RT) viruses
N.B. In procaryotic viruses, attachment to primary and entry receptors are often referred to as reversible and irreversible adsorption, based on experimental evidences .
Rakhuba DV, Kolomiets EI, Dey ES, Novik GI
Pol J Microbiol. 2010;59(3):145-55
Grove J, Marsh M.
J Cell Biol. 2011 Dec 26;195(7):1071-82
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)1373 entries grouped by protein
3 entries
Protein BMRF2
8 entries
Cell surface-binding protein OPG105 (Carbonic anhydrase homolog)
43 entries
Capsid protein VP1 (Coat protein VP1)
3 entries
Capsid fiber protein (Gene product 8.5) (gp8.5) (Head fiber protein) (Protein p8.5)
4 entries
Hexon protein p72 (Major capsid protein) (MCP) (p72) (p73)
10 entries
Penton protein (CP-P) (Penton base protein) (Protein III)
13 entries
Depolymerase, capsule K1-specific (EC 4.-.-.-) (Dep_kpv71) (Gene product 52) (gp52) (Probable tail spike protein)
1 entry
Depolymerase, capsule K11-specific (Probable tail fiber protein)
1 entry
Depolymerase, capsule KN4-specific (Probable tail spike protein)
1 entry
Depolymerase, capsule K21-specific (Probable tail spike protein)
1 entry
Depolymerase, capsule KN5-specific (Probable tail fiber protein)
1 entry
Depolymerase, capsule K25-specific (Probable tail fiber protein)
1 entry
Probable tail spike protein (Depolymerase, capsule K35-specific)
1 entry
Depolymerase, capsule K1-specific (Probable tail fiber protein)
1 entry
Depolymerase, capsule K64-specific (Probable tail fiber protein)
1 entry
Depolymerase, capsule K30/K69-specific (Probable tail spike protein)
5 entries
Depolymerase 1, capsule K3-specific (Gene product 37) (gp37) (KP32gp37) (Probable tail spike protein)
5 entries
Depolymerase 2, capsule K5-specific (Gene product 38) (gp38) (K5 depolymerase) (Probable tail spike protein)
163 entries
Envelope glycoprotein gp160 (Env polyprotein)
4 entries
Pre-neck appendage protein (Gene product 12) (gp12) (Late protein GP12) (NP1) (Protein p12)
1 entry
Probable tail fiber protein (Gene product 31) (gp31) (ORF31)
1 entry
Long-tail fiber protein gp35 (Gene product 35) (gp35)
1 entry
Long-tail fiber protein gp36 (Gene product 36) (gp36)
5 entries
Long tail fiber protein Gp37 (Gene product 37) (gp37) (Receptor-recognizing protein)
1 entry
Tail fiber receptor-binding protein (Major tropism determinant protein)
10 entries
Tail fiber protein (Gene product 17) (Gp17) (Tail fiber protein gp17)
1 entry
Probable tail fiber protein (GpH)
1 entry
Side tail fiber protein pb1 (STF-pb1) (EC 3.4.21.-) (LTF-pb1) (Tail protein pb1)
9 entries
Fusion glycoprotein F0
5 entries
Major spike protein G (G protein) (GPG)
9 entries
Attachment protein G3P (Gene 3 protein) (G3P) (Minor coat protein)
46 entries
Envelope glycoprotein B (gB)
11 entries
Envelope glycoprotein C
19 entries
Envelope glycoprotein D (gD)
2 entries
Envelope glycoprotein E (gE)
3 entries
Envelope glycoprotein H (gH)
12 entries
Envelope glycoprotein L (gL)
50 entries
Pre-glycoprotein polyprotein GP complex (Pre-GP-C)
31 entries
Glycoprotein
2 entries
Glycoprotein G
40 entries
Envelopment polyprotein (M polyprotein)
2 entries
Glycoprotein 2a (Protein GP2a) (GP2)
1 entry
Glycoprotein 2b (Protein GP2b) (GP(S))
1 entry
Glycoprotein 3 (Protein GP3)
3 entries
Glycoprotein 4 (Protein GP4)
2 entries
Glycoprotein 5 (Protein GP5) (G(L))
2 entries
Glycoprotein Q1 (gQ1) (Glycoprotein 105) (gp105) (Glycoprotein Q-80k) (gQ-80k) (HCLF1 protein)
1 entry
Glycoprotein Q2 (gQ2) (Glycoprotein Q-37k) (gQ-37k)
64 entries
Large envelope protein (L glycoprotein) (L-HBsAg) (LHB) (Large S protein) (Large surface protein) (Major surface antigen)
149 entries
Hemagglutinin
1 entry
Head fiber dimeric protein (Capsid fiber dimeric protein) (Gene product 29) (gp29)
1 entry
Head fiber trimeric protein (Capsid fiber trimeric protein) (Gene product 21) (gp21)
43 entries
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)
4 entries
Maturation protein A (MP) (Assembly protein) (A protein)
3 entries
Maturation protein A2 (MP) (A2) (Assembly protein) (A protein)
1 entry
Non-contractile tail sheath (Gene product 65) (Gp65)
1 entry
Adsorption protein P2 (Protein P2)
1 entry
Spike protein P3
1 entry
Inner membrane protein p54 (pE183L)
7 entries
Entry-fusion complex associated protein OPG095 (EFC-associated protein OPG095) (Protein L1) (Virion membrane protein M25)
4 entries
Envelope protein H3 (Ag35) (Virion envelope protein p35)
184 entries
Genome polyprotein
45 entries
Structural polyprotein (p130)
3 entries
Frameshifted structural polyprotein (p130)
8 entries
Receptor-recognizing protein gp38 (Gene product 38) (gp38) (Long tail fiber adhesin)
1 entry
Receptor-binding protein pb5 (RBP-pb5) (Tail protein pb5)
1 entry
Tail fiber protein S (Gene product 49) (gp49) (Gene product S) (gpS)
1 entry
Tail fiber protein S' (Gene product S') (gpS')
1 entry
Sigma-C capsid protein (Sigma-3 protein)
3 entries
Outer capsid protein sigma-1 (Sigma1) (Cell attachment protein) (Hemagglutinin)
3 entries
Fiber protein 1
3 entries
Fiber protein 2
76 entries
Spike glycoprotein (S glycoprotein) (E2) (Peplomer protein)
2 entries
Tip attachment protein J (Central tail fiber) (CTF) (gpJ protein)
2 entries
Tail tubular protein A (TTPA) (Depolymerase) (EC 3.2.1.-) (Gene product 31) (gp31)
2 entries
Tail fiber assembly protein U (Gene product 50) (gp50) (Gene product U) (gpU)
1 entry
Protein UL131A
2 entries
Tail fiber assembly protein U' (Gene product U') (gpU')
2 entries
Envelope protein UL128
2 entries
Envelope glycoprotein UL130
2 entries
10 kDa fusion protein
3 entries
Tail fiber protein p36 (Protein Gp36)
1 entry
Head fiber protein (Late protein GP8.5)
4 entries
Major surface glycoprotein G (Attachment glycoprotein G) (Membrane-bound glycoprotein) (mG)
16 entries
Envelope glycoprotein (GP1,2) (GP)
82 entries
Major capsid protein L1
19 entries
Major capsid protein VP1 (Major structural protein VP1)
13 entries
Outer capsid protein VP2
1 entry
Immunodominant envelope protein p35 (Ag35) (Virion envelope protein p35)
68 entries