Alphapapillomavirus (taxid:333750)

VIRION

image

Non-enveloped. Small, icosahedral, about 60 nm in size. A single molecule of circular dsDNA is contained within the T=7 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 72 pentamers.
image

GENOME

image

Circular dsDNA, about 8 kb in size, associated with cellular histones.
On rare non-specific recombination, the viral genome can be integrated in host chromosome. This inactivates the integrated virus but can gives the host cell a replicative advantage sometimes leading to malignant tumours.

GENE EXPRESSION

Only one strand of the genome is transcribed and yield two classes of proteins expressed by alternative splicing :
a) Early Proteins: non-structural regulatory proteins (E1-E7).
b) Late Proteins: the structural proteins L1 and L2. E7 can be expressed by leaky scanning from the E6 mRNA.

REPLICATION

NUCLEAR

Replication is divided in two distinct steps that are linked to the differentiation state of the host epithelial cell:

a) The plasmid replication takes place in the basal squamous epithelial cells. It corresponds to viral DNA replication in synchrony with the host cell chromosome in order to ensures an average of one viral genome per basal cell.

  1. Attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors mediates endocytosis into vesicles in the basal squamous epithelial cell.
  2. Transport to the nucleus and uncoating of the viral DNA.
  3. Early-region transcription and translation of the early proteins.
  4. Steady-state viral DNA nuclear replication. Requires the origin of DNA replication in cis and the viral E1 and E2 proteins in trans.

b) The vegetative replication, which occurs in differentiated keratinocytes. In these cells, which no longer undergo cellular DNA synthesis, there is a burst of viral DNA synthesis with active production of virions.

  1. Vegetative viral DNA synthesis.
  2. Transcription of the late region.
  3. Capsid proteins L1 and L2 synthesis.
  4. Nuclear capsid assembly and release of viruses.

Host-virus interaction

Adaptive immune response inhibition

The E5 protein in papillomaviruses plays a role in the inhibition of host adaptive response by down-regulating the cell surface expression of MHC class I .

Apoptosis modulation

The HPV16-E6 protein has the ability to prevent apoptosis of infected cells through its binding to FADD and caspase 8 .

Cell-cycle modulation

The E7 protein from the high-risk HPV type 18 forms a complex with cyclin E and regulates transit from G1 to S. E7 binds also cyclin A, which regulates transit through the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle .

Innate immune response inhibition

Papillomaviruses inhibits the cascade leading to production of interferon-beta by targeting the IRF3 cellular protein. Indeed, The viral E6 protein is able to interact with host IRF3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity .

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

303 entries grouped by strain

10 entries

Human papillomavirus 11 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV11 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE7_HPV11 Protein E7
VL2_HPV11 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV11 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV11 Protein E6
VL1_HPV11 Major capsid protein L1
VE4_HPV11 Protein E4
VE8E2_HPV11 Protein E8^E2C
VE5A_HPV11 Probable protein E5A
VE5B_HPV11 Probable protein E5B

9 entries

Human papillomavirus 31 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE7_HPV31 Protein E7
VE1_HPV31 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV31 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV31 Protein E6
VL1_HPV31 Major capsid protein L1
VL2_HPV31 Minor capsid protein L2
VE8E2_HPV31 Protein E8^E2C
VE4_HPV31 Protein E4
VE5_HPV31 Probable protein E5

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 35 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV35 Protein E6
VE1_HPV35 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV35 Regulatory protein E2
VE7_HPV35 Protein E7
VL2_HPV35 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV35 Major capsid protein L1

9 entries

Human papillomavirus 42 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV42 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV42 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV42 Protein E6
VE7_HPV42 Protein E7
VL2_HPV42 Minor capsid protein L2
VE8E2_HPV42 Protein E8^E2C
VE4_HPV42 Protein E4
VL1_HPV42 Major capsid protein L1
VE5_HPV42 Probable protein E5

9 entries

Human papillomavirus type 16 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV16 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV16 Regulatory protein E2
VE7_HPV16 Protein E7
VE4_HPV16 Protein E4 (E1^E4)
VL1_HPV16 Major capsid protein L1
VE1_HPV16 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE5_HPV16 Probable protein E5
VE8E2_HPV16 Protein E8^E2C

9 entries

Human papillomavirus type 18 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV18 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE7_HPV18 Protein E7
VE2_HPV18 Regulatory protein E2
VL2_HPV18 Minor capsid protein L2
VE4_HPV18 Protein E4
VL1_HPV18 Major capsid protein L1
VE8E2_HPV18 Protein E8^E2C
VE5_HPV18 Probable protein E5

8 entries

Human papillomavirus 28 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV28 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV28 Regulatory protein E2
VE7_HPV28 Protein E7
VL2_HPV28 Minor capsid protein L2
VE6_HPV28 Protein E6
VE8E2_HPV28 Protein E8^E2C
VL1_HPV28 Major capsid protein L1
VE4_HPV28 Protein E4

8 entries

Human papillomavirus 29 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV29 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV29 Regulatory protein E2
VE7_HPV29 Protein E7
VL2_HPV29 Minor capsid protein L2
VE6_HPV29 Protein E6
VE8E2_HPV29 Protein E8^E2C
VL1_HPV29 Major capsid protein L1
VE4_HPV29 Protein E4

8 entries

Macaca mulata papillomavirus 1 (Rhpv 1) (Rhesus papillomavirus type 1) reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_MMPV1 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_MMPV1 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_MMPV1 Protein E6
VE7_MMPV1 Protein E7
VL2_MMPV1 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_MMPV1 Major capsid protein L1
VE4_MMPV1 Probable protein E4
VE5_MMPV1 Probable protein E5

8 entries

Pygmy chimpanzee papillomavirus type 1 (PCPV-1) reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_PCPV1 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE6_PCPV1 Protein E6
VE7_PCPV1 Protein E7
VL2_PCPV1 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_PCPV1 Regulatory protein E2
VL1_PCPV1 Major capsid protein L1
VE4_PCPV1 Probable protein E4
VE5_PCPV1 Probable protein E5

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 27 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV27 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV27 Minor capsid protein L2
VE6_HPV27 Protein E6
VE7_HPV27 Protein E7
VL1_HPV27 Major capsid protein L1
VE2_HPV27 Regulatory protein E2

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 44 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV44 Protein E6
VE7_HPV44 Protein E7
VE1_HPV44 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV44 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV44 Major capsid protein L1
VE2_HPV44 Regulatory protein E2

6 entries

Human papillomavirus type 10 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV10 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV10 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV10 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV10 Protein E6
VE7_HPV10 Protein E7
VL1_HPV10 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus type 32 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV32 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV32 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV32 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV32 Protein E6
VE7_HPV32 Protein E7
VL1_HPV32 Major capsid protein L1

5 entries

Human papillomavirus 56 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV56 Protein E6
VL2_HPV56 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV56 Regulatory protein E2
VE7_HPV56 Protein E7
VL1_HPV56 Major capsid protein L1

2 entries

Human papillomavirus 62 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV62 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV62 Major capsid protein L1

2 entries

Human papillomavirus 82 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV82 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV82 Major capsid protein L1

2 entries

Human papillomavirus type 94 reference strain

Select_allDeselect_all
VE7_HPV94 Protein E7
VE6_HPV94 Protein E6

1 entry

Human papillomavirus 72 reference strain

VE1_HPV72 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)

1 entry

Human papillomavirus 73 reference strain

VE1_HPV73 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)

9 entries

Human papillomavirus 13

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV13 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE6_HPV13 Protein E6
VE7_HPV13 Protein E7
VL2_HPV13 Minor capsid protein L2
VE8E2_HPV13 Protein E8^E2C
VE2_HPV13 Regulatory protein E2
VE4_HPV13 Protein E4
VL1_HPV13 Major capsid protein L1
VE5_HPV13 Probable protein E5

9 entries

Human papillomavirus 33

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV33 Protein E6
VL2_HPV33 Minor capsid protein L2
VE1_HPV33 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV33 Regulatory protein E2
VE7_HPV33 Protein E7
VL1_HPV33 Major capsid protein L1
VE4_HPV33 Protein E4 (E1^E4)
VE8E2_HPV33 Protein E8^E2C
VE5_HPV33 Probable protein E5

3 entries

Human papillomavirus 35

Select_allDeselect_all
VE8E2_HPV35 Protein E8^E2C
VE4_HPV35 Protein E4
VE5_HPV35 Probable protein E5

9 entries

Human papillomavirus 39

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV39 Protein E6
VE1_HPV39 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV39 Regulatory protein E2
VE7_HPV39 Protein E7
VL2_HPV39 Minor capsid protein L2
VE8E2_HPV39 Protein E8^E2C
VE4_HPV39 Protein E4
VL1_HPV39 Major capsid protein L1
VE5_HPV39 Probable protein E5

9 entries

Human papillomavirus 51

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV51 Minor capsid protein L2
VE1_HPV51 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV51 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV51 Protein E6
VE7_HPV51 Protein E7
VE8E2_HPV51 Protein E8^E2C
VL1_HPV51 Major capsid protein L1
VE4_HPV51 Protein E4
VE5_HPV51 Probable protein E5

9 entries

Human papillomavirus 58

Select_allDeselect_all
VL1_HPV58 Major capsid protein L1
VL2_HPV58 Minor capsid protein L2
VE1_HPV58 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV58 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV58 Protein E6
VE7_HPV58 Protein E7
VE8E2_HPV58 Protein E8^E2C
VE4_HPV58 Protein E4
VE5_HPV58 Probable protein E5

9 entries

Human papillomavirus type 6b

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV6B Minor capsid protein L2
VE1_HPV6B Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV6B Regulatory protein E2
VE4_HPV6B Protein E4 (E1^E4)
VE6_HPV6B Protein E6
VE7_HPV6B Protein E7
VL1_HPV6B Major capsid protein L1
VE5A_HPV6B Probable protein E5A
VE5B_HPV6B Probable protein E5B

8 entries

Human papillomavirus 57

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV57 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV57 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV57 Protein E6
VE7_HPV57 Protein E7
VL2_HPV57 Minor capsid protein L2
VE8E2_HPV57 Protein E8^E2C
VE4_HPV57 Protein E4
VL1_HPV57 Major capsid protein L1

8 entries

Human papillomavirus type 54

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV54 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE6_HPV54 Protein E6
VE7_HPV54 Protein E7
VE2_HPV54 Regulatory protein E2
VL2_HPV54 Minor capsid protein L2
VE8E2_HPV54 Protein E8^E2C
VL1_HPV54 Major capsid protein L1
VE4_HPV54 Protein E4

8 entries

Human papillomavirus type 6a

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV6A Protein E6
VE7_HPV6A Protein E7
VE1_HPV6A Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV6A Regulatory protein E2
VL2_HPV6A Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV6A Major capsid protein L1
VE4_HPV6A Protein E4
VE5A_HPV6A Probable protein E5A

7 entries

Human papillomavirus type 2a

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV2A Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV2A Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV2A Protein E6
VE7_HPV2A Protein E7
VL2_HPV2A Minor capsid protein L2
VE4_HPV2A Protein E4
VL1_HPV2A Major capsid protein L1

7 entries

Human papillomavirus type 70

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV70 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV70 Regulatory protein E2
VE7_HPV70 Protein E7
VL2_HPV70 Minor capsid protein L2
VE6_HPV70 Protein E6
VL1_HPV70 Major capsid protein L1
VE5_HPV70 Probable protein E5

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 30

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV30 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV30 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV30 Protein E6
VE7_HPV30 Protein E7
VE1_HPV30 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL1_HPV30 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 40

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV40 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV40 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV40 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV40 Protein E6
VE7_HPV40 Protein E7
VL1_HPV40 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 45

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV45 Protein E6
VE7_HPV45 Protein E7
VE1_HPV45 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV45 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV45 Regulatory protein E2
VL1_HPV45 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 52

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV52 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV52 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV52 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV52 Protein E6
VE7_HPV52 Protein E7
VL1_HPV52 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 66

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV66 Protein E6
VE7_HPV66 Protein E7
VE1_HPV66 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE2_HPV66 Regulatory protein E2
VL2_HPV66 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV66 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 69

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV69 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV69 Regulatory protein E2
VE1_HPV69 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE7_HPV69 Protein E7
VE6_HPV69 Protein E6
VL1_HPV69 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus 7

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV07 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV07 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV07 Protein E6
VE7_HPV07 Protein E7
VE1_HPV07 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL1_HPV07 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus type 26

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV26 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV26 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV26 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV26 Protein E6
VE7_HPV26 Protein E7
VL1_HPV26 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus type 34

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV34 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV34 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV34 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV34 Protein E6
VE7_HPV34 Protein E7
VL1_HPV34 Major capsid protein L1

6 entries

Human papillomavirus type 61

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV61 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VE6_HPV61 Protein E6
VE7_HPV61 Protein E7
VE2_HPV61 Regulatory protein E2
VL2_HPV61 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV61 Major capsid protein L1

5 entries

Human papillomavirus 3

Select_allDeselect_all
VE1_HPV03 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)
VL2_HPV03 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV03 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV03 Protein E6
VL1_HPV03 Major capsid protein L1

5 entries

Human papillomavirus type 53

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV53 Minor capsid protein L2
VE2_HPV53 Regulatory protein E2
VE6_HPV53 Protein E6
VE7_HPV53 Protein E7
VL1_HPV53 Major capsid protein L1

4 entries

Human papillomavirus type 55

Select_allDeselect_all
VE7_HPV55 Protein E7
VE2_HPV55 Regulatory protein E2
VL2_HPV55 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV55 Major capsid protein L1

3 entries

Human papillomavirus 43

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV43 Protein E6
VL2_HPV43 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV43 Major capsid protein L1

3 entries

Human papillomavirus 68

Select_allDeselect_all
VE6_HPV68 Protein E6
VE7_HPV68 Protein E7
VL1_HPV68 Major capsid protein L1

3 entries

Human papillomavirus type 6c

Select_allDeselect_all
VE4_HPV6C Probable protein E4
VE5A_HPV6C Probable protein E5A
VE5B_HPV6C Probable protein E5B

2 entries

Human papillomavirus 67

Select_allDeselect_all
VL2_HPV67 Minor capsid protein L2
VL1_HPV67 Major capsid protein L1

1 entry

Human papillomavirus 59

VE1_HPV59 Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)

1 entry

Pygmy chimpanzee papillomavirus type 1C (PCPV-1C)

VE1_PCPVC Replication protein E1 (EC 3.6.4.12) (ATP-dependent helicase E1)