Papillomaviridae (taxid:151340)
VIRION
Non-enveloped. Small, icosahedral, about 60 nm in size. A single molecule of circular dsDNA is contained within the T=7 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 72 pentamers.
GENOME
Circular dsDNA, about 8 kb in size, associated with cellular histones in a chromatin-like complex. On rare non-specific recombination, the viral genome can be integrated in host chromosome. This inactivates the integrated virus but can gives the host cell a replicative advantage sometimes leading to malignant tumours.
GENE EXPRESSION
Only one strand of the genome is transcribed and yield two classes of proteins expressed by alternative splicing :
a) Early Proteins: non-structural regulatory proteins (E1-E7).
b) Late Proteins: the structural proteins L1 and L2.
REPLICATION
NUCLEAR
Replication is divided in two distinct steps 
that are linked to the differentiation state of the host epithelial cell:
a) The plasmid replication takes place in the basal squamous epithelial cells. It corresponds to viral DNA replication in synchrony with the host cell chromosome in order to ensures an average of one viral genome per basal cell.
- Attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors mediates endocytosis into vesicles in the basal squamous epithelial cell.
- Transport to the nucleus and uncoating of the viral DNA.
- Early-region transcription and translation of the early proteins.
- Steady-state viral DNA nuclear replication. Requires the origin of DNA replication in cis and the viral E1 and E2 proteins in trans.
b) The vegetative replication, which occurs in differentiated keratinocytes. In these cells, which no longer undergo cellular DNA synthesis, there is a burst of viral DNA synthesis with active production of virions.
- Vegetative viral DNA synthesis.
- Transcription of the late region.
- Capsid proteins L1 and L2 synthesis.
- Nuclear capsid assembly and release of viruses.
Host-virus interaction
Adaptive immune response inhibition
The E5 protein in papillomaviruses plays a role in the inhibition of host adaptive response by down-regulating the cell surface expression of MHC class I .
Apoptosis modulation
The oncogenic type of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) E6 has among its functions the ability to prevent apoptosis of infected cells through its binding to FADD and caspase 8 .
Cell-cycle modulation
The E7 protein from the high-risk HPV type 18 forms a complex with cyclin E and regulates transit from G1 to S. HPV61 E7 binds cyclin A, which regulates transit through the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle .
Innate immune response inhibition
Papillomaviruses inhibits the cascade leading to production of interferon-beta by targeting the IRF3 cellular protein. Indeed, The viral E6 protein is able to interact with host IRF3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity .
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)0 entry grouped by strain
Alphapapillomavirus 9 taxid:337041
Apodemus sylvaticus papillomavirus 1 taxid:1036963
Bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus type 1 taxid:479058
| Protein | ModelArchive |
| Major capsid protein L1 | ma-jd-viral-67333 |
| Minor capsid protein L2 | ma-jd-viral-45008 |
| Putative small T antigen | ma-jd-viral-42856 |
Bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus type 2 taxid:500654
| Protein | ModelArchive |
| Major capsid protein L1 | ma-jd-viral-67314 |
| Minor capsid protein L2 | ma-jd-viral-44996 |
| Small t antigen | ma-jd-viral-42855 |
Bettongia penicillata papillomavirus 1 taxid:759701
Bos taurus papillomavirus 12 taxid:1070324
Bos taurus papillomavirus 13 taxid:1887213
Bos taurus papillomavirus 16 taxid:1887214
Bos taurus papillomavirus 17 taxid:1887215
Bos taurus papillomavirus 18 taxid:1887216
Bos taurus papillomavirus 19 taxid:1887217
Bos taurus papillomavirus 20 taxid:1887218
Bos taurus papillomavirus 21 taxid:1887219
Camelus dromedarius papillomavirus 1 taxid:996650
Camelus dromedarius papillomavirus 2 taxid:996651
Canis familiaris papillomavirus 10 taxid:1087109
Canis familiaris papillomavirus 13 taxid:1226723
Canis familiaris papillomavirus 16 taxid:1619253
Canis familiaris papillomavirus 3 taxid:360397
Canis familiaris papillomavirus 4 taxid:464980
Canis familiaris papillomavirus 6 taxid:1513269
Canis familiaris papillomavirus 8 taxid:1081055
Canis familiaris papillomavirus 9 taxid:1087108
Capreolus capreolus papillomavirus 1 taxid:470214
Caretta caretta papillomavirus 1 taxid:485241
Castor canadensis papillomavirus 1 taxid:1352235
Cervus papillomavirus 2 taxid:1434070
Colobus guereza papillomavirus 2 taxid:889813
Eidolon helvum papillomavirus 2 taxid:1335476
Eidolon helvum papillomavirus 3 taxid:1335477
Enhydra lutris papillomavirus 1 taxid:1472717
Equus caballus papillomavirus 1 taxid:333920
| Protein | ModelArchive |
| Major capsid protein L1 | ma-jd-viral-67313 |
| Protein E6 | ma-jd-viral-00856 |
| Protein E7 | ma-jd-viral-13650 |
Equus caballus papillomavirus 1 (strain Olson) taxid:654918
Equus caballus papillomavirus 3 taxid:940834
Equus caballus papillomavirus 4 taxid:1235428
Equus caballus papillomavirus 5 taxid:1235429
Equus caballus papillomavirus 6 taxid:1235427
Equus caballus papillomavirus 7 taxid:1235430
Equus caballus papillomavirus 8 taxid:1912759
Erethizon dorsatum papillomavirus 1 taxid:291590
Erinaceus europaeus papillomavirus 1 taxid:445217
Felis catus papillomavirus 3 taxid:1336600
Felis catus papillomavirus 4 taxid:1398507
Felis domesticus papillomavirus 1 taxid:2847078
Fulmarus glacialis papillomavirus 1 taxid:1463817
Human papillomavirus taxid:10566
Human papillomavirus 116 taxid:915428
Human papillomavirus 121 taxid:915429
Human papillomavirus 126 taxid:1055684
Human papillomavirus 127 taxid:746832
Human papillomavirus 132 taxid:909331
Human papillomavirus 134 taxid:909333
Human papillomavirus 135 taxid:1070408
Human papillomavirus 136 taxid:1070409
Human papillomavirus 140 taxid:1070413
Human papillomavirus 144 taxid:1070417
Human papillomavirus 154 taxid:1195796
Human papillomavirus 167 taxid:1420545
Human papillomavirus 178 taxid:1478160
Human papillomavirus 179 taxid:1472342
Human papillomavirus 201 taxid:1682340
Human papillomavirus KC5 taxid:1647924
Human papillomavirus type 1 taxid:10583
| Protein | ModelArchive |
| E8 protein | ma-jd-viral-49300 |
| Major capsid protein L1 | ma-jd-viral-67270 |
| Minor capsid protein L2 | ma-jd-viral-44894 |
| Protein E6 | ma-jd-viral-00962 |
| Protein E7 | ma-jd-viral-13700 |
Human papillomavirus type 16 taxid:333760
Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus 1 taxid:2847841
Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus 2 taxid:915424
Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus (isolate African multimammate rat) taxid:654915
Mesocricetus auratus papillomavirus 1 taxid:1408129
Micromys minutus papillomavirus taxid:10568
Morelia spilota papillomavirus 1 taxid:1081054
Mus musculus papillomavirus type 1 taxid:763552
Papio hamadryas papillomavirus 1 taxid:990303
Phocoena phocoena papillomavirus 1 taxid:706525
Phocoena phocoena papillomavirus 2 taxid:706526
Phocoena phocoena papillomavirus 4 taxid:706527
Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus taxid:82676
| Protein | ModelArchive |
| Major capsid protein L1 | ma-jd-viral-67304 |