H5N1 subtype (taxid:102793)

VIRION

Molecular biology

Enveloped. Usually rounded but can be filamentous. The virions are 80-120 nm in diameter.

GENOME

Segmented ssRNA(-) linear genome, encapsidated by nucleoprotein (NP). Contains 8 segments coding for 12-13 proteins depending on strains. Segments size range from 890 to 2,341nt. Genome total size is 13.5Kb

GENE EXPRESSION

Viral RNA polymerase (PB1, PB2 and PA) transcribes one mRNA from each genome segment. Transcription is primed by cap cleaved from cellular mRNAS by Cap snatching. mRNA are polyadenylated by the viral polymerase stuttering on a poly U track MP and NS mRNA can be alternately spliced, giving rise to mRNA coding for M2 and NEP proteins. PB1 mRNA encode three proteins by leaky scanning: PB1, N40 and PB1-F2 . Pa-X protein is translated by ribosomal frameshift on the PA gene .

ENZYMES

REPLICATION

NUCLEUS

Virus attaches to sialic acid receptor though HA protein and is endocytosed by clathrins in the host cell.
endosome acidification induces fusion of virus membrane with the vesicle membrane; encapsidated RNA segments migrate to the nucleus.
Transcription of genomic segments by the viral polymerase produces mRNAs that are capped and polyadenylated by the viral polymerase.
Replication of genomic segments.
High level of M1 protein induces genomes segments export from nucleus by NEP protein.
Virus assembly and budding occurs at the plasma membrane.

DB LINKS

Avian-Influenza

2024 cattle outbreak

TAXONOMY Group V: Negative sense ssRNA viruses

Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Negarnaviricota
Subphylum:	Polyploviricotina
Class:	Insthoviricetes
Order:	Articulavirales
Family:	Orthomyxoviridae
Genus:	Influenzavirus A
Subtype:	H5N1

VIRUS

Main:

Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 H5N1 (FLUAV)

REFERENCE STRAIN Influenza A virus A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1)
Sequence: RNA1 RNA2 RNA3 RNA4 RNA5 RNA6 RNA7 RNA8 | Genome assembly | Proteome

Host

HOST Aquatic birds, Human, Pig, Cat

CELL TROPISM epithelial respiratory cells

INTERACTIONS Cell receptors: Sialic acids

(-> SugarBindDB) INTERACTIONS Host-virus interaction

Ecology and disease

GEOGRAPHY Worldwide, more common in Asia

ASSOCIATED DISEASES Acute febrile digestive tract infection

TRANSMISSION Zoonosis, animal contact
Birds: Fecal-oral route from contaminated water

VACCINE Killed vaccine against annual strains produced but not yet used

ANTIVIRAL DRUGS M2 ion channel inhibitor:
Amantidine, Rimantadine:
Neuraminidase inhibitor:
Zanamivir, Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), Peramivir
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Experimental: Favipiravir

Host-virus interaction

Innate immune response inhibition

Influenza A virus inhibits the cascade leading to production of interferon-beta by targeting different cellular proteins. NS1 inhibits host RIG-I activation upon recognition of viral RNA, and subsequent induction of IFN-beta expression.

Host protein shutoff

NS1 induces host gene expression shutoff by inducing host mRNA suppression through polyadenlyation inhibition. The viral mRNA are not affected because their polyA tail is generated by polymerase stuttering.

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

177 entries grouped by strain

reorder by protein

13 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd) reference strain

M2_I96A0 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

6BKK; 6BKL; 6BMZ; 6BOC

HEMA_I96A0 Hemagglutinin [Cleaved into: Hemagglutinin HA1 chain; Hemagglutinin HA2 chain]

3S11; 4MHH; 4MHI; 4MHJ

NRAM_I96A0 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

3QQ3; 5SWQ; 6KWN; 6KWO

PA_I96A0 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

3EBJ; 3HW3; 3HW4; 3HW5; 3HW6; 8H69; 8KCV

RDRP_I96A0 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

3J9B; 8H69; 8WO9

PB1F2_I96A0 Protein PB1-F2

NS1_I96A0 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

M1_I96A0 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

7WBI

NCAP_I96A0 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

4MJ6; 5GJX; 5GJY; 5NQ0; 5NQ1; 5NQ2; 5SWS; 5SWZ; 6J2A; 6PBH; 7JWI; 7JWJ; 7NUI

PB2_I96A0 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

8H69; 9BL5; 9BL6

PAX_I96A0 Protein PA-X

PB2S1_I96A0 PB2-S1

NEP_I96A0 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

12 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Scotland/1959 H5N1)

HEMA_I59A0 Hemagglutinin [Cleaved into: Hemagglutinin HA1 chain; Hemagglutinin HA2 chain]

RDRP_I59A0 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

M2_I59A0 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

NRAM_I59A0 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

PB2_I59A0 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

PA_I59A0 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

NS1_I59A0 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I59A0 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

M1_I59A0 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

PAX_I59A0 Protein PA-X

PB1F2_I59A0 Protein PB1-F2

NEP_I59A0 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

12 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hong Kong/2986.1/2000 H5N1 genotype C)

M2_I00A0 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PA_I00A0 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

RDRP_I00A0 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

NRAM_I00A0 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

HEMA_I00A0 Hemagglutinin [Cleaved into: Hemagglutinin HA1 chain; Hemagglutinin HA2 chain]

3S11

PB1F2_I00A0 Protein PB1-F2

PB2_I00A0 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

M1_I00A0 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NS1_I00A0 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I00A0 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

NEP_I00A0 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

PAX_I00A0 Protein PA-X

12 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/156/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)

M2_I97A1 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

2KAD; 2KQT; 3C9J; 3LBW; 4RWB; 4RWC; 6MPL; 6MPM; 6MPN

HEMA_I97A1 Hemagglutinin [Cleaved into: Hemagglutinin HA1 chain; Hemagglutinin HA2 chain]

PA_I97A1 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

7N4K; 7N5C; 7N5P; 7N5Q

NRAM_I97A1 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

RDRP_I97A1 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

3CM8; 7WT4; 7WT5

NS1_I97A1 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

PB2_I97A1 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

NCAP_I97A1 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

PB1F2_I97A1 Protein PB1-F2

M1_I97A1 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I97A1 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

PAX_I97A1 Protein PA-X

11 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU22/2002 H5N1 genotype Z)

RDRP_I02A6 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

NRAM_I02A6 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

M2_I02A6 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PB1F2_I02A6 Protein PB1-F2

PB2_I02A6 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

5EG9; 9I2O

PA_I02A6 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

NS1_I02A6 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I02A6 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

M1_I02A6 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

PAX_I02A6 Protein PA-X

NEP_I02A6 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

10 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/31.2/2002 H5N1 genotype X1)

RDRP_I02A2 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

NRAM_I02A2 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

M2_I02A2 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PB1F2_I02A2 Protein PB1-F2

PA_I02A2 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

NS1_I02A2 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I02A2 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

M1_I02A2 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

PAX_I02A2 Protein PA-X

NEP_I02A2 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

10 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/715.5/2001 H5N1 genotype E)

M2_I01A3 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PA_I01A3 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

6IRL

RDRP_I01A3 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

NRAM_I01A3 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

PB1F2_I01A3 Protein PB1-F2

NCAP_I01A3 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

NS1_I01A3 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

M1_I01A3 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I01A3 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

PAX_I01A3 Protein PA-X

10 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/96.1/2002 H5N1 genotype Y)

M2_I02A5 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

NRAM_I02A5 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

PB1F2_I02A5 Protein PB1-F2

PA_I02A5 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

PB2_I02A5 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

NS1_I02A5 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I02A5 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

M1_I02A5 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I02A5 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

PAX_I02A5 Protein PA-X

10 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/SF189/2001 H5N1 genotype A)

M2_I01A0 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PA_I01A0 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

RDRP_I01A0 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

NRAM_I01A0 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

PB1F2_I01A0 Protein PB1-F2

NCAP_I01A0 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

NS1_I01A0 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

M1_I01A0 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I01A0 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

PAX_I01A0 Protein PA-X

10 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/YU100/2002 H5N1 genotype X3)

RDRP_I02A4 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

NRAM_I02A4 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

M2_I02A4 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PB1F2_I02A4 Protein PB1-F2

PA_I02A4 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

NS1_I02A4 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I02A4 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

M1_I02A4 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

PAX_I02A4 Protein PA-X

NEP_I02A4 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

9 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)

HEMA_I97A0 Hemagglutinin [Cleaved into: Hemagglutinin HA1 chain; Hemagglutinin HA2 chain]

RDRP_I97A0 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

M2_I97A0 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

NRAM_I97A0 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

NS1_I97A0 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

PA_I97A0 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

M1_I97A0 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I97A0 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

PAX_I97A0 Protein PA-X

9 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Shantou/4231/2003 H5N1 genotype V)

RDRP_I03A1 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

NRAM_I03A1 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

M2_I03A1 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PB1F2_I03A1 Protein PB1-F2

PB2_I03A1 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

NS1_I03A1 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I03A1 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

M1_I03A1 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I03A1 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

8 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/37.4/2002 H5N1 genotype X2)

RDRP_I02A3 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

NRAM_I02A3 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

M2_I02A3 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PB1F2_I02A3 Protein PB1-F2

NS1_I02A3 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I02A3 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

M1_I02A3 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I02A3 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

8 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/212/2003 H5N1 genotype Z+)

M2_I03A0 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

RDRP_I03A0 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

PB1F2_I03A0 Protein PB1-F2

PB2_I03A0 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

NS1_I03A0 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I03A0 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

M1_I03A0 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I03A0 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

7 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/FY150/2001 H5N1 genotype D)

M2_I01A2 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

NRAM_I01A2 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

PB1F2_I01A2 Protein PB1-F2

NCAP_I01A2 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

NS1_I01A2 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

M1_I01A2 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I01A2 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

7 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Goose/Guangxi/345/2005 H5N1 genotype G)

M2_I05A1 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

RDRP_I05A1 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

PA_I05A1 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

M1_I05A1 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

PB2_I05A1 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

PB1F2_I05A1 Protein PB1-F2

PAX_I05A1 Protein PA-X

6 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/2001 H5N1 genotype B)

M2_I01A1 Matrix protein 2 (Proton channel protein M2)

PB1F2_I01A1 Protein PB1-F2

NCAP_I01A1 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

NS1_I01A1 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

M1_I01A1 Matrix protein 1 (M1)

NEP_I01A1 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

6 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/38/2002 H5N1 genotype X0)

PB1F2_I02A1 Protein PB1-F2

PA_I02A1 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

NS1_I02A1 Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NCAP_I02A1 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

PAX_I02A1 Protein PA-X

NEP_I02A1 Nuclear export protein (NEP) (Non-structural protein 2) (NS2)

4 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Teal/China/2978.1/2002 H5N1 genotype W)

RDRP_I02A7 RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.48) (Polymerase basic protein 1) (PB1) ...

PB1F2_I02A7 Protein PB1-F2

PB2_I02A7 Polymerase basic protein 2 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P3)

NCAP_I02A7 Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (Protein N)

3 entries

Influenza A virus (strain A/Vietnam/1203/2004 H5N1)

PA_I04A1 Polymerase acidic protein (EC 3.1.-.-) (RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P2)

4E5E; 4E5F; 4E5G; 4E5H; 4E5I; 4E5J; 4E5L

NRAM_I04A1 Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)

2HTY; 2HU0; 2HU4; 3CKZ; 3CL0; 3CL2

PAX_I04A1 Protein PA-X