Deltaretrovirus (taxid:153136)

VIRION

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Enveloped. Spherical to pleomorphic, about 80-100 nm in diameter.

GENOME

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Monopartite, linear, dimeric, ssRNA(+) genome of 8.4-9 kb, with a 5'-cap and a 3'poly-A tail. There are two long terminal repeats (LTRs) of about 550-750 nt long at the 5' and 3' ends. The LTRs contain the U3, R, and U5 regions. There are also a primer binding site (PBS) at the 5'end and a polypurine tract (PPT) at the 3'end.

GENE EXPRESSION

The integrated provirus utilizes the promoter elements in the 5'LTR to drive transcription. This gives rise to the unspliced full length mRNA that will serve as genomic RNA to be packaged into virions or used as a template for translation of gag, gag-pro (1 ribosomal frameshift), and gag-pro-pol (2 ribosomal frameshifts) polyproteins. The singly spliced mRNA encodes env that is cleaved into SU and TM envelope proteins. Completely spliced mRNAs encode Rex and Tax. Rex escorts unspliced and singly spliced RNAs out of the nucleus of infected cells. Tax is a transcriptional activator that activates viral and cellular genes.

ENZYMES

REPLICATION

NUCLEAR

Lytic replication:

  1. Virus attaches to host receptors through the SU glycoprotein. TM glycoprotein mediates fusion with cell membrane.
  2. Internalization and uncoating.
  3. ssRNA(+) genome is copied into a linear dsDNA molecule by the reverse transcriptase.
  4. Nuclear entry of the viral dsDNA when the nuclear membrane is disassembled at mitosis.
  5. Viral dsDNA is covalently and randomly integrated into the cell's genome by the viral integrase (=provirus).
  6. Transcription of provirus by Pol II produces viral spliced and unspliced RNAs.
  7. Translation of fully spliced viral RNAs produces tax and rex proteins.
  8. Rex mediates nuclear export of the incompletely spliced RNAs.
  9. Translation of unspliced viral RNAs produces Env, Gag, Gag-Pro and Gag-Pro-Pol polyproteins.
  10. Assembly of the virion at the host cellular membrane and packaging of the viral RNA genome.
  11. Budding through the plasma membrane and release of the virions.
  12. Proteolytic processing of the precursors polyproteins by viral protease and maturation of the virions.

Latent replication : replication as a provirus integrated in the host chromosome.

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

63 entries grouped by protein

16 entries

Envelope glycoprotein (Env polyprotein)

Select_allDeselect_all
ENV_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain

Envelope glycoprotein gp62 (Env polyprotein)

ENV_HTL32
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain 2026ND) (HTLV-3) reference strain

Envelope glycoprotein gp63 (Env polyprotein)

ENV_HTLV2
Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 (HTLV-2) reference strain

Envelope glycoprotein gp63 (Env polyprotein)

ENV_BLV
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV)
ENV_BLVAF
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate American FLK) (BLV)
ENV_BLVAU
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Australian) (BLV)
ENV_BLVAV
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate American VDM) (BLV)
ENV_BLVB2
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Belgium LB285) (BLV)
ENV_BLVB5
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Belgium LB59) (BLV)
ENV_BLVJ
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Japanese BLV-1) (BLV)
ENV_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)

Envelope glycoprotein gp62 (Env polyprotein)

ENV_HTL1F
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Zaire EL subtype B) (HTLV-1)

Envelope glycoprotein gp62 (Env polyprotein)

ENV_HTL1L
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Melanesia mel5 subtype C) (HTLV-1)

Envelope glycoprotein gp62 (Env polyprotein)

ENV_HTL1M
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan MT-2 subtype A) (HTLV-1)

Envelope glycoprotein gp62 (Env polyprotein)

ENV_HTL1N
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea CH subtype A) (HTLV-1)

Envelope glycoprotein gp62 (Env polyprotein)

ENV_HTL3P
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain Pyl43) (HTLV-3)

Envelope glycoprotein gp63 (Env polyprotein)

9 entries

Gag polyprotein (Pr53Gag)

Select_allDeselect_all
GAG_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
GAG_HTL32
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain 2026ND) (HTLV-3) reference strain
GAG_HTLV2
Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 (HTLV-2) reference strain
GAG_BLVAU
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Australian) (BLV)

Gag polyprotein

GAG_BLVJ
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Japanese BLV-1) (BLV)

Gag polyprotein

GAG_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
GAG_HTL1L
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Melanesia mel5 subtype C) (HTLV-1)
GAG_HTL1M
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan MT-2 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
GAG_HTL3P
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain Pyl43) (HTLV-3)

3 entries

HTLV-1 basic zipper factor (HBZ)

Select_allDeselect_all
HBZ_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
HBZ_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
HBZ_HTL1L
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Melanesia mel5 subtype C) (HTLV-1)

2 entries

Accessory protein p12I

Select_allDeselect_all
P12I_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
P12I_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)

2 entries

Accessory protein p30II

Select_allDeselect_all
P30II_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
P30II_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)

8 entries

Gag-Pro-Pol polyprotein (Pr160Gag-Pro-Pol)

Select_allDeselect_all
POL_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
POL_HTL32
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain 2026ND) (HTLV-3) reference strain
POL_HTLV2
Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 (HTLV-2) reference strain
POL_BLVAU
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Australian) (BLV)

Gag-Pro-Pol polyprotein

POL_BLVJ
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Japanese BLV-1) (BLV)

Gag-Pro-Pol polyprotein

POL_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
POL_HTL1L
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Melanesia mel5 subtype C) (HTLV-1)
POL_HTL3P
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain Pyl43) (HTLV-3)

8 entries

Gag-Pro polyprotein (Pr76Gag-Pro)

Select_allDeselect_all
PRO_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
PRO_HTL32
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain 2026ND) (HTLV-3) reference strain
PRO_HTLV2
Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 (HTLV-2) reference strain
PRO_BLVAU
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Australian) (BLV)

Gag-Pro polyprotein

PRO_BLVJ
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Japanese BLV-1) (BLV)

Gag-Pro polyprotein

PRO_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
PRO_HTL1L
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Melanesia mel5 subtype C) (HTLV-1)
PRO_HTL3P
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain Pyl43) (HTLV-3)

7 entries

Protein Rex (Rev homolog) (Rex-1) (p27Rex)

Select_allDeselect_all
REX_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
REX_HTL32
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain 2026ND) (HTLV-3) reference strain

Protein Rex (Rev homolog) (Rex-3)

REX_HTLV2
Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 (HTLV-2) reference strain

Protein Rex (Rev homolog) (Rex-2)

REX_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
REX_HTL1F
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Zaire EL subtype B) (HTLV-1)
REX_HTL1L
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Melanesia mel5 subtype C) (HTLV-1)
REX_HTL3P
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain Pyl43) (HTLV-3)

Protein Rex (Rev homolog) (Rex-3)

7 entries

Protein Tax-1 (Protein X-LOR) (Protein PX) (Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-1)

Select_allDeselect_all
TAX_HTL1C
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
TAX_HTL32
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain 2026ND) (HTLV-3) reference strain

Protein Tax-3 (Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-3)

TAX_HTLV2
Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 (HTLV-2) reference strain

Protein Tax-2 (Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-2)

TAX_HTL1A
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
TAX_HTL1F
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Zaire EL subtype B) (HTLV-1)

Protein Tax-1 (Protein X-LOR) (Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-1)

TAX_HTL1L
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Melanesia mel5 subtype C) (HTLV-1)

Protein Tax-1 (Protein X-LOR) (Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-1)

TAX_HTL3P
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain Pyl43) (HTLV-3)

Protein Tax-3 (Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-3)

1 entry

Protease (EC 3.4.23.-)

VPRT_BLVJ
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Japanese BLV-1) (BLV)