Inhibition of host PKR by virus (kw:KW-1102)
The protein kinase regulated by RNA, PKR, plays an important function in innate immune response. The N-terminal includes a repeated domain that confers dsRNA-binding activity while the C-terminal confers the kinase activity. The best characterized substrate of PKR is the alpha-subunit of protein synthesis initiator 2 (eIF-2alpha). When phosphorylated by PKR, eIF-2alpha leads to an inhibition of translation. Therefore, PKR is a key factor in the host antiviral response, through inhibition of protein synthesis during viral infection.

Viruses have evolved specific mechanisms to prevent the establishment of an antiviral state by inhibiting key components of the signaling pathway
.
For instance, several viral proteins antagonists of PKR have been identified, many of which are RNA-binding proteins. Among them, E3L and K3L from vaccinia and sigma3 protein from reoviruses. E3L was found to inhibit host PKR activity through
direct interaction. Hepatitis C virus NS5A, Herpes simplex 1 US11, and Kaposi's sarcoma vIRF-2 protein also interact with and inhibit PKR. Some viruses including HCMV or MCMV alter PKR subcellular localization while others direct PKR to degradation like Rift valley fever virus NSs protein.
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)178 entries grouped by strain
2 entries
Epstein-Barr virus (strain B95-8) (HHV-4) (Human herpesvirus 4) reference strain
2 entries
Human cytomegalovirus (strain AD169) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain
2 entries
Human cytomegalovirus (strain Merlin) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain
2 entries
Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) (VACV) reference strain
2 entries
Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) (VACV) (Vaccinia virus (strain WR)) reference strain
1 entry
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (strain A51908) (BRS) reference strain
1 entry
Epstein-Barr virus (strain AG876) (HHV-4) (Human herpesvirus 4) reference strain
1 entry
Human adenovirus C serotype 2 (HAdV-2) (Human adenovirus 2) reference strain
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 1 (strain 17) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1) reference strain
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 2 (strain HG52) (HHV-2) (Human herpes simplex virus 2) reference strain
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 8 type P (isolate GK18) (HHV-8) (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) reference strain
1 entry
Human respiratory syncytial virus B (strain B1) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Aichi/2/1968 H3N2) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Lee/1940) reference strain
1 entry
Monkeypox virus reference strain
1 entry
Murine pneumonia virus (strain 15) (MPV) reference strain
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain Lelystad) (PRRSV) reference strain
1 entry
Reovirus type 1 (strain Lang) (T1L) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 1) reference strain
1 entry
Rift valley fever virus (strain ZH-548 M12) (RVFV) reference strain
1 entry
Toscana virus (Tos) reference strain
1 entry
Variola virus (isolate Human/India/Ind3/1967) (VARV) (Smallpox virus) reference strain
1 entry
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (strain 391-2) (BRS)
1 entry
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (strain Rb94) (BRS)
1 entry
Epstein-Barr virus (strain GD1) (HHV-4) (Human gammaherpesvirus 4)
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 1 (strain MP) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1)
1 entry
Human respiratory syncytial virus
1 entry
Human respiratory syncytial virus A (strain A2)
1 entry
Human respiratory syncytial virus B (strain 18537)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Alaska/6/1977 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Anas acuta/Primorje/695/1976 H2N3)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Ann Arbor/6/1960 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Beijing/352/1989 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Beijing/39/1975 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Blue-winged teal/Minnesota/993/1980 H6N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Brazil/11/1978 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/South Carolina/1/1918 H1N1))
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Budgerigar/Hokkaido/1/1977 H4N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Brescia/1902 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Germany/n/1949 H10N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/31.2/2002 H5N1 genotype X1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/37.4/2002 H5N1 genotype X2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/715.5/2001 H5N1 genotype E)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/96.1/2002 H5N1 genotype Y)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/FY150/2001 H5N1 genotype D)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU22/2002 H5N1 genotype Z)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/2001 H5N1 genotype B)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1/1983 H5N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1983 H5N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Scotland/1959 H5N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Shantou/4231/2003 H5N1 genotype V)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Victoria/1/1985 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chile/1/1983 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/China:Nanchang/11/1996 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Alberta/60/1976 H12N5)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Czechoslovakia/1956 H4N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/England/1/1956 H11N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Germany/1949 H10N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hokkaido/8/1980 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hong Kong/2986.1/2000 H5N1 genotype C)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/England/878/1969 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Alaska/1/1991 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Jillin/1/1989 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/London/1416/1973 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/New Market/1/1977 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Prague/1/1956 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Tennessee/5/1986 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Monmouth/1/1947 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Warren/1/1950 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fowl plague virus/Rostock/8/1934 H7N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Grey teal/Australia/2/1979 H4N4)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/38/2002 H5N1 genotype X0)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Maryland/1824/1978 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Maryland/704/1977 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Massachusetts/26/1980 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Minnesota/945/1980 H13N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Henry/1936 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Herring gull/DE/677/1988 H2N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hickox/1940 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/1/1968 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/156/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/212/2003 H5N1 genotype Z+)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/5/1983 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/India/6263/1980 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Japan/305/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Korea/426/1968 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/1/1954 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/17/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/47/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Malaysia:Malaya/302/1954 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Alberta/827/1978 H8N4)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Alberta/88/1976 H3N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/New York/6750/1978 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/New York/6874/1978 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Ohio/556/1987 H5N9)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/1/1971 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/101/1972 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/102/1972 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/110/1976 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/18/1978 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/2/1978 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/4/1980 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/New Zealand:South Canterbury/35/2000 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/119/1979 H4N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/121/1979 H7N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/268/1978 H6N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/358/1979 H3N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Port Chalmers/1/1973 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Qu/7/1970 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Ruddy Turnstone/New Jersey/47/1985 H4N6)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Russia:St.Petersburg/8/2006 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Seal/Massachusetts/1/1980 H7N7)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Seal/Massachusetts/133/1982 H4N5)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Shearwater/Australia/1972 H6N5)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/SF189/2001 H5N1 genotype A)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/YU100/2002 H5N1 genotype X3)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Singapore/1/1957 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Colorado/1/1977 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1961 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Tern/Turkmenia/18/1972 H3N3)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Tokyo/3/1967 H2N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Bethlehem-Glilit/1492-B/1982 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Canada/1963 H6N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ireland/1378/1983 H5N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/501/1978 H6N8)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/833/1980 H4N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ontario/6118/1968 H8N4)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 H5N9)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Oregon/1971 H7N3)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Wisconsin/1/1966 H9N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Albany/12/1951 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Huston/AA/1945 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Iowa/1943 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Memphis/10/1996 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Phila/1935 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Texas/UR06-0195/2007 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/USSR/90/1977 H1N1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Udorn/307/1972 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Wa-182)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Whale/Maine/328/1984 H13N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Wilson-Smith/1933 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/WS/1933 H1N1))
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/X-31 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 [cold-adapted])
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 [wild-type])
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/BA/1978)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/GA/1986)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/GL/1954)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/HT/1984)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Hong Kong/8/1973)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/ID/1986)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Maryland/1959)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/PA/1979)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/RU/1969)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Singapore/1964)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Singapore/222/1979)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Victoria/1987)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Yamagata/1/1973)
1 entry
Ovine respiratory syncytial virus (strain WSU 83-1578) (ORSV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate Pig/United States/SD 01-08/2001) (PRRSV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain 16244B) (PRRSV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain HB-1) (PRRSV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain VR-2332) (PRRSV)
1 entry
Reovirus type 2 (strain D5/Jones) (T2J) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 2)
1 entry
Reovirus type 3 (strain Dearing) (T3D) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 3)
1 entry
Swinepox virus (strain Kasza) (SWPV)
1 entry
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (strain BeAn 8386) (TMEV)
1 entry
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (strain GDVII) (TMEV)
1 entry