Molecular biology
VIRION
Non enveloped, icosahedral, non-turreted virion with a triple capsid structure, about 80 nm in diameter. The intermediate capsid has an icosahedral T=13 symmetry, the inner capsid an icosahedral symmetry T=2.
Virion maturation schemes
Virion structure at ViperDB
GENOME
Segmented dsRNA linear genome. Contains 10 segments coding for 12 proteins. Segments size range from 822 to 3,954 bp (BTV). Genome total size is 19,200 bp (BTV).
GENE EXPRESSION
The dsRNA genome is never completely uncoated, to prevent activation of antiviral state by the cell in response of dsRNA. The viral polymerase VP1 synthesizes a capped mRNA from each dsRNA segment. This capped mRNA is translocated to the cell cytoplasm where it is translated.
REPLICATION
CYTOPLASMIC
- Virus attaches to host receptors and is endocytosed into vesicles in the host cell.
- Particles are partially uncoated in endolysosomes, but not entirely, and penetrates in the cytoplasm.
- Early transcription of the dsRNA genome by viral polymerase occurs inside this sub-viral particle (naked core), so that dsRNA is never exposed to the cytoplasm. Full-length plus-strand transcripts from each of the dsRNA segments are synthesized. These plus-strand transcripts are used as templates for translation.
- (+)RNAs are encapsidated in a sub-viral particle, inside which they are transcribed to give RNA (-) molecules with which they become base-paired to produce dsRNA genomes.
- The capsid is assembled on the sub-viral particle.
- Mature virions are released presumably following cell death and associated breakdown of host plasma membrane.