Alphacoronavirus (taxid:693996)
VIRION

Enveloped, spherical, about 120 nm in diameter. The RNA genome is associated with the N protein to form the nucleocapsid. see Neuman BW et al. for virion cryo-electron microscopy analysis.
GENOME
Monopartite, linear ssRNA(+) genome of 27-32kb in size (the largest of all RNA virus genomes). Capped, and polyadenylated. The leader RNA (65-89 bp) at the 5' end of the genome is also present at the end of each subgenomic RNAs.
GENE EXPRESSION
The virion RNA is infectious and serves as both the genome and viral messenger RNA. Genomic RNA encodes for ORF1a, as for ORF1b, it is translated by ribosomal frameshifting. Resulting polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab are processed into the viral polymerase (RdRp) and other non-structural proteins involved in RNA synthesis. Structural proteins are expressed as subgenomic RNAs. Each RNA (genomic and subgenomic) is translated to yield only the protein encoded by the 5'-most ORF.
ENZYMES
- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [P0C6X1]
- Proofreading exoribonuclease (ExoN) [P0C6X1]
- Nido-type capping (GDP polyribonucleotidyltransferase, N7methyltransferase, 2'O methylase) [P0C6X1]
- EndoU ribonuclease [P0C6X1]
- Papain-like protease (Peptidase C16) [P0C6X1]
- 3C-like proteinase (Peptidase C30) [P0C6X1]
- Helicase [P0C6X1]
- ADP-Ribosylhydrolase [P0C6X1]
REPLICATION
CYTOPLASMIC
- Attachement of the viral S protein (maybe also HE if present) to host receptors mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell.
- Fusion of virus membrane with the endosomal membrane (probably mediated by S2), ssRNA(+) genome is released into the cytoplasm.
- Synthesis and proteolytic cleavage of the replicase polyprotein.
- Replication occurs in viral factories. A dsRNA genome is synthesized from the genomic ssRNA(+).
- The dsRNA genome is transcribed/replicated thereby providing viral mRNAs/new ssRNA(+) genomes.
- Synthesis of structural proteins encoded by subgenomic mRNAs.
- Assembly and budding at ERGIC compartment.
- Release of new virions by exocytosis.
Host-virus interaction
Innate immune response inhibition
TGEV protein 7 may counteract host antiviral response, possibly by modulating PP1 activity .
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)92 entries grouped by strain
10 entries
Feline coronavirus (strain FIPV WSU-79/1146) (FCoV) reference strain
9 entries
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (strain Purdue) (TGEV) reference strain
8 entries
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) reference strain
7 entries
Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) reference strain
9 entries
Canine coronavirus (strain Insavc-1) (CCoV) (Canine enteric coronavirus)
8 entries
Canine coronavirus (strain BGF10) (CCoV) (Canine enteric coronavirus)
7 entries
Bat coronavirus 512/2005 (BtCoV) (BtCoV/512/2005)
7 entries
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (strain CV777) (PEDV)
7 entries
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (strain FS772/70) (TGEV)
6 entries
Porcine respiratory coronavirus (strain RM4) (PRCoV) (PRCV)
5 entries
Porcine respiratory coronavirus (strain 86/137004 / isolate British) (PRCoV) (PRCV)
4 entries
Canine coronavirus (strain K378) (CCoV) (Canine enteric coronavirus)
2 entries
Feline enteric coronavirus (strain 79-1683) (FeCoV) (FECV)
1 entry
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (strain Br1/87) (PEDV)
1 entry
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (strain Miller) (TGEV)
1 entry
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (strain NEB72-rt) (TGEV)
Bat coronavirus 512/2005 taxid:693999
Bat coronavirus CDPHE15/USA/2006 taxid:1384461
BtMr-AlphaCoV/SAX2011 taxid:1503289
BtNv-AlphaCoV/SC2013 taxid:1503291
BtRf-AlphaCoV/HuB2013 taxid:1503292
BtRf-AlphaCoV/YN2012 taxid:1503293
Camel alphacoronavirus taxid:1699095
Feline coronavirus (strain FIPV WSU-79/1146) taxid:33734
Feline infectious peritonitis virus taxid:11135
Ferret coronavirus taxid:1264898
Human coronavirus 229E taxid:11137
Human coronavirus NL63 taxid:277944
Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus taxid:1508224
Protein | ModelArchive |
Envelope protein | ma-jd-viral-63802 |
Membrane protein (M protein) (E1 glycoprotein) (Matrix glycoprotein) (Membrane... | ma-jd-viral-03155 |
Nucleoprotein | ma-jd-viral-63037 |