HIV-1 envelope proteins (ENV)

signal peptide gp120 gp160 gp41 cleavage
FUNCTION
    Gp120 attaches the virus to the host cell by binding to the attachment receptor CD4. This interaction induces a structural rearrangement creating a high affinity binding site for a chemokine entry receptor like CXCR4 and/or CCR5. HIV-1 CCR5 strains predominate in the early stages of disease, while CXCR4-using strains correlate with an increase of disease progression.
INTERACTIONS
    The envelope spike is composed of trimers of gp120/gp41 heterodimers.
    Interacts with CD4 to allow virus attachment.
    Interacts with CXCR4 and CCR5.
    Interacts with DC-SIGN on dendritic cells.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION
  • Virion
  • Host cytoplasm
TIMING OF EXPRESSION
    Late

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HIV-1 proteins
Related Links UniProtKB ENV proteins
BioAfrica HIV ENV page
Antiretroviral Drugs Fusion inhibitors prevent fusion and entry of HIV into target host cells by interacting with the viral glycoprotein gp41 and forming a blockade between virus and host cell membrane binding.

ViralZone Fusion Inhibitor page