Tanzavirus (taxid:2843070)

VIRION

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Enveloped, spherical. Diameter from 80 to 120nm. Glycoproteins at the surface of the envelope are arranged on an icosahedral lattice, with T=12 symmetry.

GENOME

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Segmented Negative-stranded RNA linear genome, L segment is about 6.4kb, M segment about 3.7kb and S segment about 1.3kb.
Encodes for three to 5 proteins.

GENE EXPRESSION

Transcription starts by viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (L) binding to a promoter on each encapsidated segment, and is terminated by a strong hairpin sequence at the end of each gene. These are capped by L protein during synthesis using cap snatching , but are not polyadenylated.
S segment uses ambisense strategy to encode for several proteins: both genomic and antigenomic RNA are transcribed. The hairpin sequence is a stop polymerase signal which prevents ambisense transcription from producing dsRNA. M segment encodes for several polyproteins by leaky scanning, which are cleaved by host protease into Nsm-GN, Nsm, NSm',Gn and Gc proteins.

ENZYMES

REPLICATION

CYTOPLASMIC

  1. Virus attaches to host receptors though Gn-Gc glycoprotein dimer, and is endocytosed into vesicles in the host cell.
  2. Fusion of virus membrane with the vesicle membrane; ribonucleocapsid segments are released in the cytoplasm.
  3. Transcription, viral mRNAs are capped in the cytoplasm.
  4. Replication presumably starts when enough nucleoprotein is present to encapsidate neo-synthetized antigenomes and genomes.
  5. The ribonucleocapsids buds at Golgi apparatus, releasing the virion by exocytosis.