Emaravirus (taxid:675845)

VIRION

Enveloped, spherical.

GENOME

The genome is segmented and consists of four segments of linear negative-sense and single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is around 12.2 kb.

GENE EXPRESSION

The viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (L) binds to a promoter on each encapsidated segment, and transcribes the mRNAs. These are capped by L protein during synthesis using cap snatching

ENZYMES

• RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [L]
• Cap Snatching endonuclease [L]

REPLICATION

IN PLANT:CYTOPLASMIC

1. Virus penetrates into the cell by effraction or plasmodesmata transport.
2. Sequential transcription.
3. Replication presumably starts when enough nucleoprotein is present to encapsidate neo-synthetized antigenomes and genomes.
4. The ribonucleocapsid can penetrate in neighboring plant cells through plasmodesmata transport
5. Alternatively budding of particles occurs at the cell membrane, releasing new virions.

IN INSECT:CYTOPLASMIC

1. Attachment of the viral G glycoproteins to host receptors.
2. Fusion of virus membrane with the vesicle membrane; ribonucleocapsid is released into the cytoplasm.
3. Sequential transcription.
4. Replication presumably starts when enough nucleoprotein is present to encapsidate neo-synthetized antigenomes and genomes.
5. Budding of particles occurs at the cell membrane, releasing new virions.