Torovirinae (taxid:694017)

VIRION

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Enveloped, spherical, about 120 nm in diameter. The RNA genome associate with the N protein to form the nucleocapsid (helical for the genus coronavirus, and tubular for the genus torovirus).

GENOME

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Monopartite, linear ssRNA(+) genome of 27-32kb in size (the largest of all RNA virus genomes). Capped, and polyadenylated. The leader RNA (65-89 bp) at the 5' end of the genome is also present at the end of each subgenomic RNAs.

GENE EXPRESSION

The virion RNA is infectious and serves as both the genome and viral messenger RNA.
Genomic RNA encodes for ORF1a, as for ORF1b, it is translated by ribosomal frameshifting. Resulting proteins pp1a and pp1ab are processed into the viral polymerase (RdRp) and other non-structural proteins involved in RNA synthesis. Structural proteins are expressed as subgenomic RNAs. Each RNA (genomic and subgenomic) is translated to yield only the protein encoded by the 5'-most ORF.

REPLICATION

CYTOPLASMIC

  1. Attachement of the viral S protein (maybe also HE if present) to host receptors mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell.
  2. Fusion of virus membrane with the endosomal membrane (probably mediated by E2), ssRNA(+) genome is released into the cytoplasm.
  3. Synthesis and proteolytic cleavage of the replicase polyprotein.
  4. Replication occurs in viral factories. A dsRNA genome is synthesized from the genomic ssRNA(+).
  5. The dsRNA genome is transcribed/replicated thereby providing viral mRNAs/new ssRNA(+) genomes.
  6. Synthesis of structural proteins encoded by subgenomic mRNAs.
  7. Assembly and budding at membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the intermediate compartments, and/or the Golgi complex.
  8. Release of new virions by exocytosis.

Host-virus interaction

Apoptosis modulation

Equine torovirus Berne virus induces apoptosis in infected cells at late times postinfection via host caspases activation .

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

15 entries grouped by protein

5 entries

Hemagglutinin-esterase (HE protein) (EC 3.1.1.53) (E3 glycoprotein)

Select_allDeselect_all
HEMA_BRV1
Breda virus 1 (BRV-1) reference strain
HEMA_BEV
Berne virus (BEV)

Truncated non-functional hemagglutinin-esterase homolog

HEMA_BRV2
Breda virus 2 (BRV-2)
HEMA_HUTV
Human torovirus (HuTV)
HEMA_PTV10
Porcine torovirus (strain P10) (PoTV)

2 entries

Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (NC) (Protein N)

Select_allDeselect_all
NCAP_BRV1
Breda virus 1 (BRV-1) reference strain
NCAP_BEV
Berne virus (BEV)

2 entries

Replicase polyprotein 1a (pp1a) (ORF1a polyprotein)

Select_allDeselect_all
R1A_BRV1
Breda virus 1 (BRV-1) reference strain
R1A_BEV
Berne virus (BEV)

2 entries

Replicase polyprotein 1ab (pp1ab) (ORF1ab polyprotein)

Select_allDeselect_all
R1AB_BRV1
Breda virus 1 (BRV-1) reference strain
R1AB_BEV
Berne virus (BEV)

2 entries

Spike glycoprotein (S glycoprotein) (E2) (Peplomer protein)

Select_allDeselect_all
SPIKE_BRV1
Breda virus 1 (BRV-1) reference strain
SPIKE_BEV
Berne virus (BEV)

2 entries

Membrane protein (M protein) (E1 glycoprotein) (Matrix glycoprotein) (Membrane glycoprotein)

Select_allDeselect_all
VME1_BRV1
Breda virus 1 (BRV-1) reference strain
VME1_BEV
Berne virus (BEV)
These structures were created with the help of Colabfold by Jason Nomburg, Nathan Price and Jennifer Doudna (ModelArchive).

Porcine torovirus taxid:237020

Protein ModelArchive
Membrane glycoprotein ma-jd-viral-03202
Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) ma-jd-viral-67197
sialate O-acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.53) ma-jd-viral-43250