Inhibition of host PKR by virus (kw:KW-1102)

The protein kinase regulated by RNA, PKR, plays an important function in innate immune response. The N-terminal includes a repeated domain that confers dsRNA-binding activity while the C-terminal confers the kinase activity. The best characterized substrate of PKR is the alpha-subunit of protein synthesis initiator 2 (eIF-2alpha). When phosphorylated by PKR, eIF-2alpha leads to an inhibition of translation. Therefore, PKR is a key factor in the host antiviral response, through inhibition of protein synthesis during viral infection.

Viruses have evolved specific mechanisms to prevent the establishment of an antiviral state by inhibiting key components of the signaling pathway . For instance, several viral proteins antagonists of PKR have been identified, many of which are RNA-binding proteins. Among them, E3L and K3L from vaccinia and sigma3 protein from reoviruses. E3L was found to inhibit host PKR activity through direct interaction. Hepatitis C virus NS5A, Herpes simplex 1 US11, and Kaposi's sarcoma vIRF-2 protein also interact with and inhibit PKR. Some viruses including HCMV or MCMV alter PKR subcellular localization while others direct PKR to degradation like Rift valley fever virus NSs protein.

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

178 entries grouped by protein

reorder by strain

1 entry

G-protein coupled receptor BILF1 (GPCR BILF1)

1 entry

E1B 55 kDa protein (E1B-55K) (E1B protein, large T-antigen) (E1B-495R)

1 entry

Protein E3 homolog (Protein E3L homolog)

3 entries

mRNA export factor ICP27 homolog (Mta) (ORF57 protein homolog) (Protein EB2) (Protein SM)

ICP27_EBVA8

Epstein-Barr virus (strain AG876) (HHV-4) (Human herpesvirus 4) reference strain

ICP27_EBVB9

Epstein-Barr virus (strain B95-8) (HHV-4) (Human herpesvirus 4) reference strain

ICP27_EBVG

Epstein-Barr virus (strain GD1) (HHV-4) (Human gammaherpesvirus 4)

3MRE; 3MRF; 3O4L

2 entries

Protein IRS1

IRS1_HCMVA

Human cytomegalovirus (strain AD169) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain

Protein IRS1 (HQRF1)

IRS1_HCMVM

Human cytomegalovirus (strain Merlin) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain

1 entry

Protein K3 homolog

9 entries

Nucleoprotein (Protein N) (Nucleocapsid protein)

NCAP_BRSVA

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (strain A51908) (BRS) reference strain

NCAP_HRSVB

Human respiratory syncytial virus B (strain B1) reference strain

NCAP_MPV15

Murine pneumonia virus (strain 15) (MPV) reference strain

Nucleoprotein (Nucleocapsid protein) (NP) (Protein N)

NCAP_BRSV3

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (strain 391-2) (BRS)

NCAP_BRSVR

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (strain Rb94) (BRS)

NCAP_HRSV

Human respiratory syncytial virus

4V5V

NCAP_HRSV1

Human respiratory syncytial virus B (strain 18537)

NCAP_HRSVA

Human respiratory syncytial virus A (strain A2)

2WJ8; 2YHM; 4BKK; 4UC6; 4UC7; 4UC8; 4UC9; 4UCA; 4UCB; 4UCC; 4UCD; 4UCE; 6YJL; 8OOU; 8OP1; 8OP2

NCAP_ORSVW

Ovine respiratory syncytial virus (strain WSU 83-1578) (ORSV)

135 entries

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

NS1_I34A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) reference strain

2GX9; 2ZKO; 3L4Q; 3O9Q; 3O9R; 3O9S; 3O9T; 3O9U; 3RVC; 5NT1; 5NT2

NS1_I68A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Aichi/2/1968 H3N2) reference strain

NS1_I96A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd) reference strain

NS1_INBLE

Influenza B virus (strain B/Lee/1940) reference strain

1XEQ; 3R66; 3RT3; 3SDL; 6J62; 6JH0; 6JH1

NS1_I000W

Influenza A virus (strain A/Wa-182)

NS1_I000X

Influenza A virus (strain A/X-31 H3N2)

NS1_I00A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hong Kong/2986.1/2000 H5N1 genotype C)

NS1_I00A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/New Zealand:South Canterbury/35/2000 H1N1)

NS1_I01A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/SF189/2001 H5N1 genotype A)

NS1_I01A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/2001 H5N1 genotype B)

NS1_I01A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/FY150/2001 H5N1 genotype D)

NS1_I01A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/715.5/2001 H5N1 genotype E)

NS1_I02A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Brescia/1902 H7N7)

NS1_I02A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/38/2002 H5N1 genotype X0)

NS1_I02A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/31.2/2002 H5N1 genotype X1)

NS1_I02A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/37.4/2002 H5N1 genotype X2)

NS1_I02A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/YU100/2002 H5N1 genotype X3)

NS1_I02A5

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/96.1/2002 H5N1 genotype Y)

NS1_I02A6

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU22/2002 H5N1 genotype Z)

NS1_I03A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/212/2003 H5N1 genotype Z+)

NS1_I03A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Shantou/4231/2003 H5N1 genotype V)

NS1_I06A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Russia:St.Petersburg/8/2006 H1N1)

NS1_I07A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Texas/UR06-0195/2007 H1N1)

NS1_I18A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/South Carolina/1/1918 H1N1))

2N74; 5UL6; 6ATV; 6DGK; 6NU0; 6OX7; 6U28

NS1_I30A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1)

NS1_I33A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Wilson-Smith/1933 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/WS/1933 H1N1))

NS1_I34A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Fowl plague virus/Rostock/8/1934 H7N1)

NS1_I35A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Phila/1935 H1N1)

NS1_I36A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Henry/1936 H1N1)

NS1_I40A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Hickox/1940 H1N1)

NS1_I43A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Iowa/1943 H1N1)

NS1_I45A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Huston/AA/1945 H1N1)

NS1_I47A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Monmouth/1/1947 H1N1)

NS1_I49A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Germany/n/1949 H10N7)

NS1_I49A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Germany/1949 H10N7)

NS1_I50A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Warren/1/1950 H1N1)

NS1_I51A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Albany/12/1951 H1N1)

NS1_I54A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/1/1954 H1N1)

NS1_I54A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Malaysia:Malaya/302/1954 H1N1)

NS1_I56A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Czechoslovakia/1956 H4N6)

NS1_I56A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/England/1/1956 H11N6)

NS1_I56A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Prague/1/1956 H7N7)

NS1_I57A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Japan/305/1957 H2N2)

NS1_I57A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/1957 H2N2)

NS1_I57A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/17/1957 H2N2)

NS1_I57A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/47/1957 H2N2)

NS1_I57A5

Influenza A virus (strain A/Singapore/1/1957 H2N2)

NS1_I59A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Scotland/1959 H5N1)

NS1_I60A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Ann Arbor/6/1960 H2N2)

NS1_I61A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1961 H1N1)

NS1_I63A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Canada/1963 H6N8)

NS1_I66A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ontario/7732/1966 H5N9)

NS1_I66A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Wisconsin/1/1966 H9N2)

NS1_I67A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Tokyo/3/1967 H2N2)

NS1_I68A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ontario/6118/1968 H8N4)

NS1_I68A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/1/1968 H3N2)

NS1_I68A5

Influenza A virus (strain A/Korea/426/1968 H2N2)

NS1_I69A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/England/878/1969 H3N2)

NS1_I70A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Qu/7/1970 H3N2)

NS1_I71A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/1/1971 H3N2)

NS1_I71A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Oregon/1971 H7N3)

NS1_I72A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Udorn/307/1972 H3N2)

1AIL; 1NS1; 2KKZ; 2RHK; 3EE8; 3EE9; 3KWG; 3KWI; 4NW2; 4O45

NS1_I72A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/102/1972 H3N2)

8IZN

NS1_I72A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/101/1972 H3N2)

NS1_I72A5

Influenza A virus (strain A/Shearwater/Australia/1972 H6N5)

NS1_I72A6

Influenza A virus (strain A/Tern/Turkmenia/18/1972 H3N3)

NS1_I73A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/London/1416/1973 H7N7)

NS1_I73A5

Influenza A virus (strain A/Port Chalmers/1/1973 H3N2)

NS1_I75A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Beijing/39/1975 H3N2)

NS1_I76A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Anas acuta/Primorje/695/1976 H2N3)

NS1_I76A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Alberta/60/1976 H12N5)

3D6R; 3OA9

NS1_I76A5

Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Alberta/88/1976 H3N8)

NS1_I76A6

Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/110/1976 H3N2)

NS1_I77A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Alaska/6/1977 H3N2)

NS1_I77A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Colorado/1/1977 H3N2)

NS1_I77A9

Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/New Market/1/1977 H7N7)

NS1_I77AA

Influenza A virus (strain A/Brazil/11/1978 H1N1)

NS1_I77AB

Influenza A virus (strain A/USSR/90/1977 H1N1)

NS1_I77AF

Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Maryland/704/1977 H13N6)

NS1_I77AG

Influenza A virus (strain A/Budgerigar/Hokkaido/1/1977 H4N6)

NS1_I78A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Alberta/827/1978 H8N4)

NS1_I78A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/New York/6750/1978 H2N2)

NS1_I78A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/New York/6874/1978 H3N2)

NS1_I78A7

Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/2/1978 H3N2)

NS1_I78A8

Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/18/1978 H3N2)

NS1_I78AA

Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/268/1978 H6N2)

NS1_I78AC

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/501/1978 H6N8)

NS1_I78AF

Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Maryland/1824/1978 H13N6)

NS1_I79A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/119/1979 H4N6)

NS1_I79A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/121/1979 H7N8)

NS1_I79A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/358/1979 H3N6)

NS1_I79A7

Influenza A virus (strain A/Grey teal/Australia/2/1979 H4N4)

NS1_I80A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Seal/Massachusetts/1/1980 H7N7)

NS1_I80A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/4/1980 H3N2)

NS1_I80A6

Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hokkaido/8/1980 H3N8)

NS1_I80A8

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/833/1980 H4N2)

NS1_I80AA

Influenza A virus (strain A/India/6263/1980 H1N1)

NS1_I80AC

Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Massachusetts/26/1980 H13N6)

NS1_I80AD

Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Minnesota/945/1980 H13N6)

NS1_I80AE

Influenza A virus (strain A/Blue-winged teal/Minnesota/993/1980 H6N6)

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1)

4OPA; 4OPH; 6OQE

NS1_I82A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Seal/Massachusetts/133/1982 H4N5)

NS1_I82A8

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Bethlehem-Glilit/1492-B/1982 H1N1)

NS1_I83A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chile/1/1983 H1N1)

NS1_I83A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ireland/1378/1983 H5N8)

NS1_I83A5

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1/1983 H5N2)

NS1_I83A6

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1983 H5N2)

NS1_I83A8

Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/5/1983 H3N2)

4O42

NS1_I84A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/Whale/Maine/328/1984 H13N2)

NS1_I85A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Victoria/1/1985 H7N7)

NS1_I85A7

Influenza A virus (strain A/Ruddy Turnstone/New Jersey/47/1985 H4N6)

NS1_I86A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Tennessee/5/1986 H3N8)

NS1_I87A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Ohio/556/1987 H5N9)

NS1_I88A4

Influenza A virus (strain A/Herring gull/DE/677/1988 H2N8)

NS1_I89A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Beijing/352/1989 H3N2)

NS1_I89A7

Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Jillin/1/1989 H3N8)

NS1_I91A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Alaska/1/1991 H3N8)

NS1_I96A2

Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Memphis/10/1996 H1N1)

NS1_I96A3

Influenza A virus (strain A/China:Nanchang/11/1996 H1N1)

NS1_I97A0

Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)

NS1_I97A1

Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/156/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)

NS1_INBAC

Influenza B virus (strain B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 [cold-adapted])

NS1_INBAD

Influenza B virus (strain B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 [wild-type])

NS1_INBBA

Influenza B virus (strain B/BA/1978)

NS1_INBGA

Influenza B virus (strain B/GA/1986)

NS1_INBGL

Influenza B virus (strain B/GL/1954)

NS1_INBHK

Influenza B virus (strain B/Hong Kong/8/1973)

NS1_INBHT

Influenza B virus (strain B/HT/1984)

NS1_INBID

Influenza B virus (strain B/ID/1986)

NS1_INBMD

Influenza B virus (strain B/Maryland/1959)

NS1_INBPA

Influenza B virus (strain B/PA/1979)

NS1_INBRU

Influenza B virus (strain B/RU/1969)

NS1_INBSI

Influenza B virus (strain B/Singapore/222/1979)

NS1_INBSJ

Influenza B virus (strain B/Singapore/1964)

7S8S; 8TUB

NS1_INBVJ

Influenza B virus (strain B/Victoria/1987)

NS1_INBYA

Influenza B virus (strain B/Yamagata/1/1973)

2 entries

Non-structural protein NS-S (NSs)

NSS_RVFVZ

Rift valley fever virus (strain ZH-548 M12) (RVFV) reference strain

Non-structural protein S (NSs)

2N0Y; 5OOO; 8T2M; 8T2N

NSS_TOSV

Toscana virus (Tos) reference strain

2 entries

Protein K3

PG041_VACCC

Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) (VACV) reference strain

PG041_VACCW

Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) (VACV) (Vaccinia virus (strain WR)) reference strain

Protein K3 (Protein K2)

1LUZ

4 entries

RNA-binding protein OPG065 (RNA-binding protein E3) (p25)

PG065_MONPV

Monkeypox virus reference strain

RNA-binding protein OPG065

PG065_VACCC

Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) (VACV) reference strain

PG065_VACCW

Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) (VACV) (Vaccinia virus (strain WR)) reference strain

7C0I; 8I9J

PG065_VAR67

Variola virus (isolate Human/India/Ind3/1967) (VARV) (Smallpox virus) reference strain

RNA-binding protein OPG065 (Protein E3)

2 entries

Genome polyprotein

POLG_TMEVB

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (strain BeAn 8386) (TMEV)

1TMF

POLG_TMEVG

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (strain GDVII) (TMEV)

7NBV

3 entries

Accessory factor US11 (Vmw21)

RNB_HHV11

Human herpesvirus 1 (strain 17) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1) reference strain

RNB_HHV2H

Human herpesvirus 2 (strain HG52) (HHV-2) (Human herpes simplex virus 2) reference strain

Probable RNA-binding protein

RNB_HHV1M

Human herpesvirus 1 (strain MP) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1)

RNA-binding protein (Vmw21)

6 entries

Replicase polyprotein 1ab (ORF1ab polyprotein)

RPOA_PRRSL

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain Lelystad) (PRRSV) reference strain

RPOA_PRRS1

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain 16244B) (PRRSV)

5EYI; 5YLX

RPOA_PRRSB

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain HB-1) (PRRSV)

RPOA_PRRSR

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain VR-2332) (PRRSV)

RPOA_PRRSS

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate Pig/United States/SD 01-08/2001) (PRRSV)

RPOA_PRRSV

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)

3 entries

Outer capsid protein sigma-3 (Sigma3)

SIGM3_REOVL

Reovirus type 1 (strain Lang) (T1L) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 1) reference strain

1JMU; 2CSE; 6XF8; 6ZTY; 6ZTZ

SIGM3_REOVD

Reovirus type 3 (strain Dearing) (T3D) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 3)

1FN9; 7LUP; 9CYT; 9CYY

SIGM3_REOVJ

Reovirus type 2 (strain D5/Jones) (T2J) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 2)

2 entries

Protein HHLF1

TRS1_HCMVA

Human cytomegalovirus (strain AD169) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain

TRS1_HCMVM

Human cytomegalovirus (strain Merlin) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain

Protein TRS1

1 entry

Inhibition of host PKR by virus (kw:KW-1102)

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

G-protein coupled receptor BILF1 (GPCR BILF1)

E1B 55 kDa protein (E1B-55K) (E1B protein, large T-antigen) (E1B-495R)

Protein E3 homolog (Protein E3L homolog)

mRNA export factor ICP27 homolog (Mta) (ORF57 protein homolog) (Protein EB2) (Protein SM)

Protein IRS1

Protein K3 homolog

Nucleoprotein (Protein N) (Nucleocapsid protein)

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (NS1A)

Non-structural protein NS-S (NSs)

Protein K3

RNA-binding protein OPG065 (RNA-binding protein E3) (p25)

Genome polyprotein

Accessory factor US11 (Vmw21)

Replicase polyprotein 1ab (ORF1ab polyprotein)

Outer capsid protein sigma-3 (Sigma3)

Protein HHLF1

Viral IRF2-like protein (vIRF-2)