Viral budding via the host ESCRT complexes (kw:KW-1187)
.
ESCRT complexes are normally used by the cell for biological functions involving membrane remodeling, such as intraluminal vesicle formation, autophagy or terminal stages of cytokinesis . The ESCRT family consists of ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II which are primarily involved in cargo sorting and membrane deformation, and ESCRT-III which cleaves the bud neck from its cytosolic face
. In the last step, vps4 disassembles the complex. The budding reaction catalyzed by the ESCRT machinery has reversed topology when compared with most other budding processes in the cell, such as endocytosis and formation of transport vesicles.
Specific motifs in viral proteins called late assembly domains (L-domains) are responsible for recruiting the host ESCRT machinery directly or via ESCRT-associated proteins like ALIX.
- P(T/S)AP motif recruits the ESCRT machinery via TSG101.
- PPxY motif enlists members of the NEDD4 family of ubiquitin ligases through interactions with WW domains, although the precise link between the NEDD4-like proteins and the ESCRT machinery is still unknown.
- ΘPxV where Θ is a hydrophobic amino acid.
- YP(x)n L binds the adaptor protein ALIX, which in turn binds and recruits the ESCRT machinery.
Some enveloped viruses however seem to use other mechanisms to bud, as it has been shown for Influenza virus .
Viruses budding through the ESCRT machinery:
Family | Virus | Viral protein | L-domain motif | Host ESCRT | Budding location | ref |
Retroviridae | HIV-1 | P6-gag | PTAP | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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LYPx<sub>nL | ALIX (low affinity) | Cell membrane |
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SIV | P6-gag | PTAP | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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LYPx<sub>nL | ALIX | Cell membrane |
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HTLV-1 | P19-gag | PPxY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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PTAP | TSG101 (low affinity) | Cell membrane |
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Human spumaretrovirus | Gag protein | PTAP | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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Moloney murine leukemia virus | P12-gag | PPxY | ITCH | Cell membrane |
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PTAP | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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LYPx<sub>nL | ALIX | Cell membrane |
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Bovine leukemia virus | Gag protein | PPxY<sub>nL | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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Rous sarcoma virus | Gag protein | PPxY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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Mason-Pfizer monkey virus | Gag protein | PSAP | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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PPxY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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EIAV | P9-gag | LYPx<sub>nL | ALIX | Cell membrane |
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Hepadnaviridae | HBV | ? Capsid protein | ? | ALIX | Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Filoviridae | Ebolavirus | Matrix protein | PTAP | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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PPxY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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Marburgvirus | Matrix protein | PPxY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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Nucleoprotein | PSAP | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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Rhabdoviridae | Vesicular stomatitis virus | M protein | PPxY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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?PSAP | ? TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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Rabies virus | M protein | PPxY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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Paramyxoviridae | Sendai virus | M protein | YLDL | ALIX | Cell membrane |
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Newcastle disease virus | M protein | FPIV | ? | Cell membrane |
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Nipah virus | M protein | YMYL | ALIX | Cell membrane |
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C protein | ? | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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Simian virus 5 | M protein | FPIV | ? | Cell membrane |
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Mumps virus | M protein | FPVI | ? | Cell membrane |
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Arenaviridae | Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | Z protein | PPPY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane | |
? | ? | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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Lassa virus | Z protein | PTAP | TSG101 | Cell membrane |
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PPxY | NEDD4 | Cell membrane |
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Bunyaviridae | Gn glycoproteins | ?YxxL | ? ALIX | Golgi |
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Flaviviridae | Hepatitis C virus | ? Core protein | ? | ? | Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Herpesviridae | Herpes simplex virus 1 | ? | ? | Vps4 | Trans-Golgi |
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Epstein-Barr virus | ? | ? | ? | Trans-Golgi |
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HCMV | ? | ? | Vps4 | Trans-Golgi |
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Poxviridae | Vaccinia virus | F13 protein | LYPx(n)L | ? | Cell membrane |
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Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)212 entries grouped by strain
2 entries
Lake Victoria marburgvirus (strain Musoke-80) (MARV) (Marburg virus (strain Kenya/Musoke/1980)) reference strain
1 entry
Australian bat lyssavirus (isolate Bat/AUS/1996) (ABLV) reference strain
1 entry
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (strain Cork) (CAEV-Co) reference strain
1 entry
Chandipura virus (strain I653514) (CHPV) reference strain
1 entry
Cupixi mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/Brasil/BeAn 119303/1970) (CPXV) reference strain
1 entry
Drosophila melanogaster sigma virus (isolate Drosophila/USA/AP30/2005) (DMelSV) reference strain
1 entry
European bat lyssavirus 1 (strain Bat/Germany/RV9/1968) (EBLV1) reference strain
1 entry
European bat lyssavirus 2 (strain Human/Scotland/RV1333/2002) (EBLV2) reference strain
1 entry
Feline immunodeficiency virus (isolate Petaluma) (FIV) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate MAL) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate U455) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate ARV2/SF2) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BRU/LAI) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate MN) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate RF/HAT3) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (strain 89.6) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate 92BR025) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate ETH2220) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate ELI) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate 93BR020) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate VI850) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate 90CF056) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate ANT70) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate BEN) (HIV-2) reference strain
1 entry
Human spumaretrovirus (SFVcpz(hu)) (Human foamy virus) reference strain
1 entry
Jembrana disease virus (JDV) reference strain
1 entry
Lassa virus (strain Mouse/Sierra Leone/Josiah/1976) (LASV) reference strain
1 entry
Latino mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/Bolivia/MARU 1924/1965) (LATV) reference strain
1 entry
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (strain Armstrong) (LCMV) reference strain
1 entry
Mokola virus (MOKV) reference strain
1 entry
Moloney murine leukemia virus (isolate Shinnick) (MoMLV) reference strain
1 entry
Monkeypox virus reference strain
1 entry
Mouse mammary tumor virus (strain BR6) (MMTV) reference strain
1 entry
Mouse mammary tumor virus (strain C3H) (MMTV) reference strain
1 entry
Newcastle disease virus (strain Chicken/United States/B1/48) (NDV) reference strain
1 entry
Oliveros mammarenavirus (isolate Mouse/Argentina/RIID 3229/1990) (OLVV) reference strain
1 entry
Parainfluenza virus 5 (strain W3) (PIV5) (Simian virus 5) reference strain
1 entry
Parana mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/Paraguay/12056/1965) (PARV) (Paran mammarenavirus) reference strain
1 entry
Pirital mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/Venezuela/VAV-488/1995) (PIRV) reference strain
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain Pasteur vaccins / PV) (RABV) reference strain
1 entry
Sendai virus (strain Ohita) (SeV) reference strain
1 entry
Simian foamy virus (isolate chimpanzee) (SFVcpz) reference strain
1 entry
Simian foamy virus type 3 (strain LK3) (SFVagm) (SFV-3) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate CPZ GAB1) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate EK505) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate MB66) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate TAN1) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Spring viremia of carp virus (Rhabdovirus carpia) reference strain
1 entry
Tacaribe virus (strain Franze-Fernandez) (TCRV) reference strain
1 entry
Tibrogargan virus (strain CS132) (TIBV) reference strain
1 entry
Tupaia virus (isolate Tupaia/Thailand/-/1986) (TUPV) reference strain
1 entry
Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) (VACV) reference strain
1 entry
Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) (VACV) (Vaccinia virus (strain WR)) reference strain
1 entry
Variola virus (isolate Human/India/Ind3/1967) (VARV) (Smallpox virus) reference strain
1 entry
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (strain San Juan) (VSIV) reference strain
1 entry
Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (strain Ogden subtype Concan) (VSNJV) reference strain
1 entry
West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV) reference strain
1 entry
Whitewater Arroyo mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/United States/AV 9310135/1995) (WWAV) reference strain
1 entry
Xenotropic MuLV-related virus (isolate VP62) (XMRV) reference strain
1 entry
Zaire ebolavirus (strain Mayinga-76) (ZEBOV) (Zaire Ebola virus) reference strain
3 entries
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Australian) (BLV)
3 entries
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Japanese BLV-1) (BLV)
2 entries
Lake Victoria marburgvirus (strain Angola/2005) (MARV)
2 entries
Lake Victoria marburgvirus (strain Ozolin-75) (MARV) (Marburg virus (strain South Africa/Ozolin/1975))
2 entries
Lake Victoria marburgvirus (strain Popp-67) (MARV) (Marburg virus (strain West Germany/Popp/1967))
2 entries
Lake Victoria marburgvirus (strain Ravn-87) (MARV) (Marburg virus (strain Kenya/Ravn/1987))
1 entry
AKV murine leukemia virus (AKR (endogenous) murine leukemia virus)
1 entry
Abelson murine leukemia virus
1 entry
Allpahuayo mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/Peru/CLHP-2472/1997) (ALLV)
1 entry
Aravan virus (ARAV)
1 entry
Australian bat lyssavirus (isolate Human/AUS/1998) (ABLV)
1 entry
Avian myelocytomatosis virus 29 (Avian myelocytomatosis virus MC29)
1 entry
Avian myelocytomatosis virus HBI
1 entry
Avian sarcoma virus CT10 (Avian sarcoma virus (strain CT10))
1 entry
Baboon endogenous virus (strain M7)
1 entry
Bear Canyon mammarenavirus (isolate Mouse/United States/AV A0070039/2000) (BCNV)
1 entry
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (strain R29) (BIV) (Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus)
1 entry
Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus
1 entry
Chapare mammarenavirus (isolate Human/Bolivia/810419/2003)
1 entry
Equine infectious anemia virus (isolate 1369) (EIAV)
1 entry
Equine infectious anemia virus (isolate CL22) (EIAV)
1 entry
Equine infectious anemia virus (strain Wyoming) (EIAV)
1 entry
FBR murine osteosarcoma virus (FBR-MSV) (Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine osteosarcoma virus)
1 entry
Feline immunodeficiency virus (isolate TM2) (FIV)
1 entry
Feline immunodeficiency virus (isolate Wo) (FIV)
1 entry
Feline immunodeficiency virus (strain San Diego) (FIV)
1 entry
Feline leukemia virus
1 entry
Feline sarcoma virus (strain Gardner-Arnstein) (Ga-FeSV) (Gardner-Arnstein feline leukemia oncovirus B)
1 entry
Feline sarcoma virus (strain McDonough)
1 entry
Feline sarcoma virus (strain Snyder-Theilen)
1 entry
Friend murine leukemia virus (isolate 57) (FrMLV)
1 entry
Friend murine leukemia virus (isolate FB29) (FrMLV)
1 entry
Friend murine leukemia virus (isolate PVC-211) (FrMLV)
1 entry
Friend spleen focus-forming virus (isolate 502) (FSFFV)
1 entry
Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV)
1 entry
Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)
1 entry
Guanarito mammarenavirus (isolate Human/Venezuela/NH-95551/1990) (GTOV)
1 entry
Hortulanus murine leukemia virus (HoMuLV) (Mus hortulanus virus)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH5) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate CDC-451) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JH32) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JRCSF) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate LW123) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate NY5) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate OYI) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate YU-2) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate NDK) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate Z2/CDC-Z34) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP255) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP257) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate 92NG083) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate SE6165) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate VI991) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9173) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9280) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 96CM-MP535) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 97ZR-EQTB11) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate MVP5180) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate CAM2) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate D194) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate Ghana-1) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate KR) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate NIH-Z) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ROD) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate SBLISY) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ST) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate D205) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate EHO) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate UC1) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Ippy mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/Central African Republic/Dak An B 188 d/1970) (IPPYV)
1 entry
Irkut virus (IRKV)
1 entry
Isfahan virus (ISFV)
1 entry
Junin mammarenavirus (JUNV) (Junn mammarenavirus)
1 entry
Khujand virus (KHUV)
1 entry
Koala retrovirus (KoRV)
1 entry
Lagos bat virus (LBV)
1 entry
Machupo virus (MACV)
1 entry
Maedi visna virus (strain 1514 / clone LV1-1KS1) (MVV) (Visna lentivirus)
1 entry
Maedi visna virus (strain 1514 / clone LV1-1KS2) (MVV) (Visna lentivirus)
1 entry
Maedi visna virus (strain 1514) (MVV) (Visna lentivirus)
1 entry
Maedi visna virus (strain KV1772) (MVV) (Visna lentivirus)
1 entry
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) (Simian Mason-Pfizer virus)
1 entry
Mobala mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/Central African Republic/Acar 3080/1983) (MOBV)
1 entry
Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MoMSV)
1 entry
Moloney murine sarcoma virus (strain ts110) (MoMSV)
1 entry
Murine leukemia virus (strain BM5 eco)
1 entry
Newcastle disease virus (strain Beaudette C/45) (NDV)
1 entry
Newcastle disease virus (strain Chicken/Australia-Victoria/32) (NDV)
1 entry
Ovine maedi visna related virus (strain South Africa) (SA-OMVV) (Ovine lentivirus)
1 entry
Piry virus (PIRYV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain CVS-11) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain China/DRV) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain China/MRV) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain ERA) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain HEP-Flury) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain India) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain Nishigahara RCEH) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain PM1503/AVO1) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain SAD B19) (RABV)
1 entry
Rabies virus (strain silver-haired bat-associated) (RABV) (SHBRV)
1 entry
Radiation murine leukemia virus
1 entry
Reston ebolavirus (strain Philippines-96) (REBOV) (Reston Ebola virus)
1 entry
Reston ebolavirus (strain Reston-89) (REBOV) (Reston Ebola virus)
1 entry
Sabia mammarenavirus (isolate Human/Brasil/SPH114202/1990) (SABV) (Sabi mammarenavirus)
1 entry
Sendai virus (strain Enders) (SeV)
1 entry
Sendai virus (strain Fushimi) (SeV)
1 entry
Sendai virus (strain Hamamatsu) (SeV)
1 entry
Sendai virus (strain Harris) (SeV)
1 entry
Sendai virus (strain Z) (SeV) (Sendai virus (strain HVJ))
1 entry
Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis virus (Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus) (JSRV)
1 entry
Simian foamy virus type 1 (SFVmac) (SFV-1)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate F236/smH4) (SIV-sm) (Simian immunodeficiency virus sooty mangabey monkey)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate GB1) (SIV-mnd) (Simian immunodeficiency virus mandrill)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate Mm142-83) (SIV-mac) (Simian immunodeficiency virus rhesus monkey)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate Mm251) (SIV-mac) (Simian immunodeficiency virus rhesus monkey)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate PBj14/BCL-3) (SIV-sm) (Simian immunodeficiency virus sooty mangabey monkey)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate STM) (SIV-mac) (Simian immunodeficiency virus rhesus monkey)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus agm.grivet (isolate AGM gr-1) (SIV-agm.gri) (Simian immunodeficiency virus African green monkey grivet)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus agm.vervet (isolate AGM TYO-1) (SIV-agm.ver) (Simian immunodeficiency virus African green monkey vervet)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus agm.vervet (isolate AGM155) (SIV-agm.ver) (Simian immunodeficiency virus African green monkey vervet)
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus agm.vervet (isolate AGM3) (SIV-agm.ver) (Simian immunodeficiency virus African green monkey vervet)
1 entry
Simian retrovirus SRV-1
1 entry
Simian retrovirus SRV-2
1 entry
Squirrel monkey retrovirus (SMRV-H) (SMRV-HLB)
1 entry
Sudan ebolavirus (strain Human/Uganda/Gulu/2000) (SEBOV) (Sudan Ebola virus)
1 entry
Tamiami mammarenavirus (isolate Rat/United States/W 10777/1964) (TAMV)
1 entry
Vaccinia virus (strain Ankara) (VACV)
1 entry
Vaccinia virus (strain IHD-J) (VACV)
1 entry
Vaccinia virus (strain L-IVP) (VACV)
1 entry
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (strain 85CLB South America) (VSIV)
1 entry
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (strain 94GUB Central America) (VSIV)
1 entry
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (strain 98COE North America) (VSIV)
1 entry
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (strain Glasgow) (VSIV)
1 entry
Woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WMSV) (Simian sarcoma-associated virus)
1 entry
Xenotropic MuLV-related virus (isolate VP35) (XMRV)
1 entry
Xenotropic MuLV-related virus (isolate VP42) (XMRV)
1 entry
Y73 avian sarcoma virus (Y73SV) (Avian sarcoma virus (strain Y73))
1 entry
Zaire ebolavirus (strain Gabon-94) (ZEBOV) (Zaire Ebola virus)
1 entry