RNA suppression of termination (kw:KW-1159)
Suppression of termination (also referred to as stop codon readthrough) is an alternate mechanism of translation to produce a protein with an extended C-terminus. It is used as a regulatory strategy by a large number of plant, animal and prokaryot viruses (see table below).
UAG amber and UGA opal codons are normally recognized by a release factor (eRF) instead of a tRNA, thereby stopping translation. Readthrough of these stop codons occurs when a tRNA partially recognizes UGA or UAG and allows translation to proceed further. This readthrough is induced either by a pseudoknot (MMTV) or by few nucleotides sequence after the stop. The readthrough signals of prokaryote, plant and mammal viruses are different and have different mechanisms which are still poorly understood. The efficiency of suppression of termination is globally poor: 5 to 30%.
The picture below describes MMTV suppression of termination.
Family | Genus/TD> | Virus | RefSeq | STOP codon | Insertion | Efficiency | Position | Reference |
Fiersviridae | qubevirus | Enterobacteria phage Qbeta | NC_001890 | UGA (opal) | Trp | 5% | 1742 | ![]() |
Carmotetraviridae | Alphacarmotetravirus | Providence virus | NC_014126 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 2104 | ![]() |
Luteoviridae | Enamovirus | Pea enation mosaic virus 1 | NC_003629 | UGA (opal) | - | - | 4566 | ![]() |
Luteovirus | Barley yellow dwarf virus | NC_004750 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 3458 | ![]() |
|
Polerovirus | Potato leafroll virus | NC_001747 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 4317 | ![]() |
|
Reoviridae | Coltivirus | Colorado tick fever virus | NC_004180 | UGA (opal) | - | - | 1052 | ![]() |
Retroviridae | Gammaretrovirus | Moloney murine leukemia virus | NC_001501 | UAG (amber) | Gln | 4-10% | 1974 | ![]() |
Epsilonretrovirus | Walleye dermal sarcoma virus | NC_001867 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 2545 | ||
Togaviridae | Alphavirus | Sindbis virus | NC_001547 | UGA (opal) | - | 10% | 7598 | ![]() |
Tombusviridae | Aureusvirus | Pothos latent virus | NC_000939 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 791 | ![]() |
Avenavirus | Oat chlorotic stunt virus | NC_003633 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 684 | ![]() |
|
Carmovirus | Carnation mottle virus | NC_001265 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 805 | ||
Machlomovirus | Maize chlorotic mottle virus | NC_003627 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 1451 | ||
UGA (opal) | - | - | 3199 | |||||
Alphanecrovirus | Tobbaco necrosis virus A | NC_001777 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 666 | ||
Panicovirus | Panicium mosaic virus | NC_002598 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 1304 | ||
Tombusvirus | Tomato bushy stunt virus | NC_001554 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 1054 | ![]() |
|
Virgaviridae | Furovirus | Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus | NC_001367 | UGA (opal) | - | - | 4032 | |
NC_002042 | UGA (opal) | - | - | 862 | ![]() |
|||
Pecluvirus | Peanut clump virus | NC_003672 | UGA (opal) | - | - | 3567 | ||
Pomovirus | Potato mop-top virus | NC_003723 | UGA (opal) | - | - | 4024 | ||
NC_003724 | UAG (amber) | - | - | 842 | ![]() |
|||
Tobamovirus | Tobacco mosaic virus | NC_002041 | UGA (opal) | Tyr, Gln, Leu | 31% | 3417 | ![]() |
|
Tobravirus | Tobacco rattle virus | NC_003805 | UGA (opal) | Trp | 5-25% | 3764 | ![]() |
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)78 entries grouped by strain
2 entries
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (isolate United States/Kansas/1987) (MCMV) reference strain
1 entry
Barley yellow dwarf virus (isolate PAV) (BYDV) reference strain
1 entry
Carnation mottle virus (isolate China/Shanghai) (CarMV) reference strain
1 entry
Chikungunya virus (strain S27-African prototype) (CHIKV) reference strain
1 entry
Colorado tick fever virus (strain USA/Florio N-7180) (CTFV) reference strain
1 entry
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (strain watermelon SH) (CGMMV) reference strain
1 entry
Enterobacteria phage SP (Bacteriophage SP) reference strain
1 entry
Moloney murine leukemia virus (isolate Shinnick) (MoMLV) reference strain
1 entry
Oat chlorotic stunt virus (isolate United Kingdom) (OCSV) reference strain
1 entry
Panicum mosaic virus (strain United States/Kansas 109S) (PMV) reference strain
1 entry
Pea enation mosaic virus-1 (strain WSG) (PEMV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Potato leafroll virus (strain Potato/Scotland/strain 1/1984) (PLrV) reference strain
1 entry
Pothos latent virus (isolate Pigeonpea/India) (PoLV) reference strain
1 entry
Qbeta virus (strain MX1) reference strain
1 entry
Semliki forest virus (SFV) reference strain
1 entry
Sindbis virus (SINV) reference strain
1 entry
Sunn-hemp mosaic virus (SHMV) (TMV strain cowpea) reference strain
1 entry
Tobacco mosaic virus (strain OM) (TMV) reference strain
1 entry
Tobacco mosaic virus (strain vulgare) (TMV) (Tobacco mosaic virus (strain U1)) reference strain
1 entry
Tobacco necrosis virus (strain A) (TNV-A) reference strain
1 entry
Tomato bushy stunt virus (strain Cherry) (TBSV) reference strain
1 entry
Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) reference strain
1 entry
Turnip yellows virus (isolate FL-1) (TuYV) (BWYV-FL1) reference strain
1 entry
Walleye dermal sarcoma virus (WDSV) reference strain
1 entry
Xenotropic MuLV-related virus (isolate VP62) (XMRV) reference strain
1 entry
Youcai mosaic virus (YoMV) reference strain
1 entry
AKV murine leukemia virus (AKR (endogenous) murine leukemia virus)
1 entry
Alphavirus salmon subtype 1 (SAV1) (Salmon pancreas disease virus subtype 1)
1 entry
Alphavirus salmon subtype 2 (SAV2) (Sleeping disease virus)
1 entry
Aura virus (AURAV)
1 entry
Baboon endogenous virus (strain M7)
1 entry
Barmah forest virus (BFV)
1 entry
Carnation mottle virus (CarMV)
1 entry
Chikungunya virus (strain 37997) (CHIKV)
1 entry
Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV)
1 entry
Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV)
1 entry
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (strain Florida 91-469) (EEEV) (Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus)
1 entry
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (strain PE-0.0155) (EEEV) (Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus)
1 entry
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (strain PE-3.0815) (EEEV) (Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus)
1 entry
Friend murine leukemia virus (isolate 57) (FrMLV)
1 entry
Friend murine leukemia virus (isolate FB29) (FrMLV)
1 entry
Friend murine leukemia virus (isolate PVC-211) (FrMLV)
1 entry
Getah virus (GETV)
1 entry
Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)
1 entry
Koala retrovirus (KoRV)
1 entry
Mayaro virus (strain Brazil) (MAYV)
1 entry
O'nyong-nyong virus (strain Gulu) (ONNV)
1 entry
O'nyong-nyong virus (strain Igbo Ora) (ONNV) (Igbo Ora virus)
1 entry
O'nyong-nyong virus (strain SG650) (ONNV)
1 entry
Odontoglossum ringspot virus (isolate Korean Cy) (ORSV-Cy)
1 entry
Odontoglossum ringspot virus (isolate Singapore 1) (ORSV)
1 entry
Pepper mild mottle virus (strain Japan) (PMMV-J)
1 entry
Pepper mild mottle virus (strain Spain) (PMMV-S)
1 entry
Potato leafroll virus (strain Potato/Netherlands/Wageningen/1989) (PLrV)
1 entry
Radiation murine leukemia virus
1 entry
Ross river virus (strain NB5092) (RRV)
1 entry
Sagiyama virus (SAGV)
1 entry
Sindbis virus subtype Ockelbo (strain Edsbyn 82-5) (OCKV) (Ockelbo virus)
1 entry
Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) (TMV strain U2)
1 entry
Tobacco mosaic virus (strain B935A) (TMV)
1 entry
Tobacco mosaic virus (strain Korean NC 82) (TMV)
1 entry
Tobacco mosaic virus (strain Rakkyo) (TMV-R)
1 entry
Tobacco necrosis virus (strain D) (TNV-D)
1 entry
Tobamovirus Ob
1 entry
Tomato mosaic virus (strain Kazakh K1) (ToMV) (TMV strain K1)
1 entry
Tomato mosaic virus (strain Kazakh K2) (ToMV) (TMV strain K2)
1 entry
Tomato mosaic virus (strain L) (ToMV) (TMV strain tomato)
1 entry
Tomato mosaic virus (strain S-1) (ToMV)
1 entry
Turnip vein-clearing virus (TVCV)
1 entry
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)
1 entry
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain 3880) (VEEV)
1 entry
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Mena II) (VEEV)
1 entry
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain P676) (VEEV)
1 entry
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV)
1 entry
Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV)
1 entry
Xenotropic MuLV-related virus (isolate VP35) (XMRV)
1 entry