Host G2/M cell cycle arrest by virus (kw:KW-1079)
The G2/M checkpoint of the cell cycle prevents the cell from entering mitosis to repair the the damaged genome and participates on various pro-survival signaling pathways. During the G2 phase the CDK1 kinase is maintained in an inactive (phosphorylated at Tyr-15) state by Wee1-like protein kinase. As cells approach M phase, the phosphatase Cdc25 dephosphorylates and thus activates CDK1, step that promotes cell entry into mitosis. The complex cyclinB-CDK1 migrates to the nucleus where it activates several substates to allow cells enter mitosis.

A number of different viruses have been associated with G2/M arrest, including DNA viruses, RNA viruses and retroviruses. The arrest in G2/M allows viruses to replicate their genome before cells enter mitosis. Alternatively, it can inhibit the antiviral immune response by preventing the clonal expansion of infected lymphocytes. Some viral proteins including JCV agnoprotein or MMV NS1 increase the cyclin inhibitor p21 activity through interaction with p53 to inhibit the cyclinB-CDK1. The nucleoprotein from Bornavirus or the UL24 protein from herpesviridae directly inhibit the cyclinB-CDK1 complex, while E4 from HPV16 prevents its nuclear localization. Instead, the serotype 3 reovirus sigma1-s protein hyperphosphorylates cyclinB-CDK1 that becomes inactive.
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)162 entries grouped by strain
2 entries
Adeno-associated virus 2 (isolate Srivastava/1982) (AAV-2) reference strain
1 entry
Borna disease virus (strain V) (BDV) reference strain
1 entry
Bovine papillomavirus type 1 reference strain
1 entry
Gallid herpesvirus 2 (strain Chicken/Md5/ATCC VR-987) (GaHV-2) (Marek's disease herpesvirus type 1) reference strain
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype adr (isolate Japan/Nishioka/1983) (HBV-C) reference strain
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ayr (isolate Human/Japan/Okamoto/-) (HBV-C) reference strain
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype D (isolate Germany/1-91/1991) (HBV-D) reference strain
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate France/Tiollais/1979) (HBV-D) reference strain
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate Japan/JYW796/1988) (HBV-D) reference strain
1 entry
Human cytomegalovirus (strain AD169) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain
1 entry
Human cytomegalovirus (strain Merlin) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 6A (strain Uganda-1102) (HHV-6 variant A) (Human B lymphotropic virus) reference strain
1 entry
Human herpesvirus 8 type P (isolate GK18) (HHV-8) (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate MAL) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate ARV2/SF2) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BRU/LAI) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate MN) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate RF/HAT3) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (strain 89.6) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate 92BR025) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate ETH2220) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate ELI) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate 93BR020) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate VI850) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate 90CF056) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate ANT70) (HIV-1) reference strain
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate BEN) (HIV-2) reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 11 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 29 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 31 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 39 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 4 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 5 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 1 (Human papillomavirus type 1a) reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 16 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 18 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 41 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 54 reference strain
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 63 reference strain
1 entry
Human parvovirus B19 (strain HV) (HPV B19) reference strain
1 entry
Murine minute virus (strain MVM prototype) (MVM) (Murine minute virus (strain MVM(p))) reference strain
1 entry
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain
1 entry
Reovirus type 1 (strain Lang) (T1L) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 1) reference strain
1 entry
SFTS phlebovirus (isolate SFTSV/Human/China/HB29/2010) (Severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate CPZ GAB1) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate EK505) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate MB66) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
1 entry
Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 8) (WHV) reference strain
1 entry
Arctic squirrel hepatitis virus (ASHV)
1 entry
Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1)
1 entry
Bos taurus papillomavirus 2 (Bovine papillomavirus 2)
1 entry
Canine parvovirus type 2 (isolate Dog/United States/CPV-N/1978) (CPV-2)
1 entry
Chimpanzee hepatitis B virus (isolate United Kingdom/LSH/1988) (HBVcpz)
1 entry
Equine herpesvirus 1 (strain HVS25A) (EHV-1) (Equine abortion virus)
1 entry
Feline panleukopenia virus (strain 193) (FPV)
1 entry
Gibbon hepatitis B virus subtype ayw3q (isolate Hope) (HBVgbn)
1 entry
Gorilla hepatitis B virus (isolate Cameroon/gor97) (HBVgor)
1 entry
Ground squirrel hepatitis virus (strain 27) (GSHV)
1 entry
Hamster parvovirus H1
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype A1 subtype adw2 (isolate South Africa/84/2001) (HBV-A)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype A2 (isolate Japan/11D11HCCW/1998) (HBV-A)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype A2 subtype adw (isolate Japan/Nishioka/1983) (HBV-A)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype A2 subtype adw2 (isolate Germany/991/1990) (HBV-A)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype A2 subtype adw2 (strain Rutter 1979) (HBV-A)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype A3 (isolate Cameroon/CMR711/1994) (HBV-A)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype A3 (isolate Cameroon/CMR983/1994) (HBV-A)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype B/C subtype adw (isolate Okinawa/pODW282/1998) (HBV-B)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype B1 (isolate Japan/Ry30/2002) (HBV-B)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype B1 (isolate Japan/Yamagata-2/1998) (HBV-B)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype B1 subtype adw (isolate Japan/pJDW233/1988) (HBV-B)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype B2 (isolate Indonesia/pIDW420/1988) (HBV-B)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype B2 (isolate Vietnam/16091/1992) (HBV-B)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype B2 (isolate Vietnam/9873/1997) (HBV-B)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype B2 subtype adw (isolate China/patient4/1996) (HBV-B)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C (isolate Vietnam/3270/2000) (HBV-C)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ad (isolate Japan/S-179/1988) (HBV-C)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype adr (isolate Japan/A4/1994) (HBV-C)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype adr (strain Japan/adr4/1983) (HBV-C)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ar (isolate Japan/S-207/1988) (HBV-C)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ayw (isolate Australia/AustRC/1992) (HBV-C)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ayw (isolate China/Tibet127/2002) (HBV-C)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype D (isolate France/alpha1/1989) (HBV-D)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate Australia/AustKW/1991) (HBV-D)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate Italy/CI/1992) (HBV-D)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype E (isolate Chimpanzee/Ch195/1999) (HBV-E)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype E (isolate Cote d'Ivoire/ABI-129/2003) (HBV-E)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype E (isolate Cote d'Ivoire/ABI-212/2003) (HBV-E)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype E subtype ayw4 (isolate Kou) (HBV-E)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype F1 subtype adw4 (isolate El Salvador/1116Sal/1997) (HBV-F)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype F2 (isolate Argentina/sa16/2000) (HBV-F)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype F2 (isolate Brazil/w4B) (HBV-F)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype F2 subtype adw4q (isolate Senegal/9203) (HBV-F)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype G (isolate IG29227/2000) (HBV-G)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype H (isolate United States/LAS2523/2002) (HBV-H)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype H subtype adw4 (isolate Nicaragua/1853Nic/1997) (HBV-H)
1 entry
Hepatitis B virus genotype H subtype adw4 (isolate Nicaragua/2928Nic/1997) (HBV-H)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH5) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB3) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JRCSF) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate NY5) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate OYI) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate PCV12) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SC) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SF33) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate YU-2) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate Z2/CDC-Z34) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP255) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP257) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate 92NG083) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate SE6165) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate VI991) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9173) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9280) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 96CM-MP535) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 97ZR-EQTB11) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate MVP5180) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate CAM2) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate D194) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate Ghana-1) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate KR) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate NIH-Z) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ROD) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate SBLISY) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ST) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate D205) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate EHO) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate UC1) (HIV-2)
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 13
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 28
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 33
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 35
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 42
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 47
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 51
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 57
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 58
1 entry
Human papillomavirus 65
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 2a
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 5b
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 6a
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 6b
1 entry
Human papillomavirus type 8
1 entry
Human parvovirus B19 (isolate AU) (HPV B19)
1 entry
Mink enteritis virus (strain Abashiri) (MEV)
1 entry
Murine minute virus (strain MVMi) (MVM) (Murine parvovirus)
1 entry
Orangutan hepatitis B virus (isolate Somad) (HBVoru)
1 entry
Parvovirus LuIII
1 entry
Porcine parvovirus (strain Kresse) (PPV)
1 entry
Porcine parvovirus (strain NADL-2) (PPV)
1 entry
Reovirus type 2 (strain D5/Jones) (T2J) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 2)
1 entry
Reovirus type 3 (strain Dearing) (T3D) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 3)
1 entry
Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 1) (WHV)
1 entry
Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 2) (WHV)
1 entry
Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 59) (WHV)
1 entry
Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 7) (WHV)
1 entry
Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate w64/pWS23) (WHV)
1 entry