Iltovirus (taxid:180255)

VIRION

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Enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic, 120-200 nm in diameter, T=16 icosahedral symmetry. Capsid consists of 162 capsomers and is surrounded by an amorphous tegument. Glycoproteins complexes are embeded in the lipid envelope.

GENOME

Monopartite, linear, dsDNA genome of about 150 kb. The genome contains terminal and internal reiterated sequences. The genome sequence is repeated at one end. Each virion contains multiple isomeric forms of the genome

GENE EXPRESSION

Each viral transcript usually encodes a single protein and has a promoter/regulatory sequence, a TATA box, a transcription initiation site, a 5' leader sequence of 30-300 bp (not translated), a 3' nontranslated sequence of 10-30 bp, and a poly A signal. There are many gene overlaps. There are only few spliced genes. Some of the expressed ORFs are antisense to each other. Some ORFs can be accessed from more than one promoter. There are some non-coding genes.

There are three types of genes: immediate-early, early and late. The immediate-early genes are transcribed immediately after infection and ensure the transcription of early genes, which encode the proteins necessary for the viral replication. The late genes mostly encode structural proteins. Standing apart are genes expressed during latency.

The viral proteins VHS and ICP27 are involved in shut-off of host protein translation in order to ensure the selective expression of viral proteins versus cellular proteins.

ENZYMES

REPLICATION

NUCLEAR

Lytic replication:

  1. Attachment of the viral gB, gC, gD and gH proteins to host receptors mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell.
  2. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core and the tegument proteins into the host cytoplasm.
  3. The capsid is transported to the nuclear pore where the viral DNA is released into the nucleus.
  4. Transcription of immediate early genes which promote transcription of early genes and protect the virus against innate host immunity.
  5. Transcription of early viral mRNA by host polymerase II, encoding proteins involved in replication of the viral DNA.
  6. A first round of circular genome amplification occurs by bidirectional replication
  7. Synthesis of linear concatemer copies of viral DNA by rolling circle.
  8. Transcription of late mRNAs by host polymerase II, encoding structural proteins.
  9. Assembly of the virus in nuclear viral factories and budding through the inner lamella of the nuclear membrane which has been modified by the insertion of herpes glycoproteins, throughout the Golgi and final release at the plasma membrane.

Latent replication : replication of circular viral episome in tandem with the host cell DNA using the host cell replication machinery.

Host-virus interaction

Cell-cycle modulation

The conserved UL24 family of human alpha, beta and gamma herpesviruses induces a cell cycle arrest at G2/M transition through inactivation of the host cyclinB/cdc2 complex. Iltoviruses encode an UL24 homolog that should fullfill this role.

Host splicing inhibition

PsHV-1 UL54 is an alternative splicing regulator of host mRNA.

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

78 entries grouped by protein

1 entry

Alkaline nuclease (EC 3.1.-.-)

AN_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Alpha trans-inducing factor (Tegument protein UL46) (Tegument protein VP11/12)

ATI2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Cytoplasmic envelopment protein 1

CEP1_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Cytoplasmic envelopment protein 2

CEP2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Capsid vertex component 1

CVC1_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

2 entries

Capsid vertex component 2

Select_allDeselect_all
CVC2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain
CVC2_ILTVT
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (strain Thorne V882) (ILTV) (Gallid herpesvirus 1)

1 entry

Major DNA-binding protein

DNBI_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

DNA polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.7) (EC 3.1.26.4)

DPOL_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) (EC 3.6.1.23) (dUTP pyrophosphatase)

DUT_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope protein UL45

EV45_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

4 entries

Envelope glycoprotein B (gB)

Select_allDeselect_all
GB_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain
GB_ILTV6
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (strain 632) (ILTV) (Gallid herpesvirus 1)
GB_ILTVS
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (strain SA-2) (ILTV) (Gallid herpesvirus 1)
GB_ILTVT
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (strain Thorne V882) (ILTV) (Gallid herpesvirus 1)

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein C

GC_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein D (gD)

GD_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein E (gE)

GE_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Glycoprotein G

GG_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein H (gH)

GH_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein I

GI_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein K (Syncytial protein)

GK_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein L (gL)

GL_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein M (gM)

GM_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Envelope glycoprotein N

GN_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

DNA replication helicase (EC 3.6.4.-)

HELI_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

DNA helicase/primase complex-associated protein (HEPA) (Primase-associated factor)

HEPA_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

mRNA export factor (Immediate-early protein IE63) (Infected cell protein 27) (ICP27)

ICP27_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Major viral transcription factor ICP4 homolog

ICP4_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Inner tegument protein

ITP_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

2 entries

Thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21)

Select_allDeselect_all
KITH_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain
KITH_ILTVT
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (strain Thorne V882) (ILTV) (Gallid herpesvirus 1)

1 entry

Large tegument protein deneddylase (EC 3.4.19.12) (EC 3.4.22.-)

LTP_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Major capsid protein (MCP)

MCP_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Nuclear egress protein 1

NEC1_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Nuclear egress protein 2

NEC2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Nuclear protein UL4

NP04_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Replication origin-binding protein (OBP) (OriBP)

OBP_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein sORF2

ORF2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein sORF3/4

ORF3_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein ORFA

ORFA_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein ORFB

ORFB_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein ORFC

ORFC_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein ORFD

ORFD_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein ORFE

ORFE_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

DNA polymerase processivity factor (DNA-binding protein UL42) (Polymerase accessory protein) (PAP)

PAP_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Portal protein

PORTL_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

DNA primase (EC 2.7.7.-)

PRIM_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (R1) (EC 1.17.4.1) (Ribonucleotide reductase large subunit)

RIR1_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small subunit (EC 1.17.4.1) (Ribonucleotide reductase small subunit)

RIR2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

2 entries

Capsid scaffolding protein (Capsid protein P40) (Protease precursor) (pPR)

Select_allDeselect_all
SCAF_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain
SCAF_ILTVT
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (strain Thorne V882) (ILTV) (Gallid herpesvirus 1)

1 entry

Small capsomere-interacting protein

SCP_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Virion host shutoff protein (Vhs) (EC 3.1.27.-)

SHUT_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tegument protein UL11

TEG2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tegument protein UL14

TEG3_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tegument protein UL47 homolog

TEG5_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tegument protein UL51

TEG7_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tegument protein UL21

TG21_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tripartite terminase subunit 1

TRM1_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tripartite terminase subunit 2

TRM2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tripartite terminase subunit 3 (EC 3.1.-.-) (Terminase large subunit)

TRM3_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Triplex capsid protein 1

TRX1_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Triplex capsid protein 2

TRX2_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein UL-1

UL01_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein UL3

UL03_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Serine/threonine-protein kinase UL13 (EC 2.7.11.1)

UL13_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Large terminase protein homolog UL15b

UL15B_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Protein UL20

UL20_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

2 entries

Protein UL24

Select_allDeselect_all
UL24_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain
UL24_ILTVT
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (strain Thorne V882) (ILTV) (Gallid herpesvirus 1)

Protein UL24 homolog (ORF 3)

1 entry

Packaging protein UL32

UL32_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Membrane protein UL43

UL43_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) (EC 3.2.2.27) (UNG)

UNG_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Uncharacterized protein US2

US02_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)

US03_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Virion protein US10 homolog

US10_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

1 entry

Tegument protein VP22

VP22_PSHV1
Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain