Host G2/M cell cycle arrest by virus (kw:KW-1079)

The G2/M checkpoint of the cell cycle prevents the cell from entering mitosis to repair the the damaged genome and participates on various pro-survival signaling pathways. During the G2 phase the CDK1 kinase is maintained in an inactive (phosphorylated at Tyr-15) state by Wee1-like protein kinase. As cells approach M phase, the phosphatase Cdc25 dephosphorylates and thus activates CDK1, step that promotes cell entry into mitosis. The complex cyclinB-CDK1 migrates to the nucleus where it activates several substates to allow cells enter mitosis.

A number of different viruses have been associated with G2/M arrest, including DNA viruses, RNA viruses and retroviruses. The arrest in G2/M allows viruses to replicate their genome before cells enter mitosis. Alternatively, it can inhibit the antiviral immune response by preventing the clonal expansion of infected lymphocytes. Some viral proteins including JCV agnoprotein or MMV NS1 increase the cyclin inhibitor p21 activity through interaction with p53 to inhibit the cyclinB-CDK1. The nucleoprotein from Bornavirus or the UL24 protein from herpesviridae directly inhibit the cyclinB-CDK1 complex, while E4 from HPV16 prevents its nuclear localization. Instead, the serotype 3 reovirus sigma1-s protein hyperphosphorylates cyclinB-CDK1 that becomes inactive.

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

162 entries grouped by protein

reorder by strain

1 entry

G2/M cell-cycle inhibitor DR6

2 entries

Nucleoprotein (N protein) (Nucleocapsid protein) (p38) (p40)

NCAP_BDVV

Borna disease virus (strain V) (BDV) reference strain

NCAP_BDV1

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1)

1N93; 1PP1

11 entries

Initiator protein NS1 (NS1) (EC 3.1.21.-) (EC 3.6.4.12) (NCVP1) (Non-capsid protein NS-1) (Non-structural protein 1) (Non-structural protein NS1)

NS1_MUMIP

Murine minute virus (strain MVM prototype) (MVM) (Murine minute virus (strain MVM(p))) reference strain

Initiator protein NS1 (NS1) (EC 3.1.21.-) (EC 3.6.4.12) (NCVP1) (Non-capsid protein NS-1) (Non-structural protein NS1)

3WRN; 3WRO; 3WRQ; 3WRR; 3WRS; 4PP4; 4R94

NS1_PAVHV

Human parvovirus B19 (strain HV) (HPV B19) reference strain

8F2Q

NS1_FPV19

Feline panleukopenia virus (strain 193) (FPV)

NS1_MEVA

Mink enteritis virus (strain Abashiri) (MEV)

NS1_MUMIM

Murine minute virus (strain MVMi) (MVM) (Murine parvovirus)

NS1_PAVCN

Canine parvovirus type 2 (isolate Dog/United States/CPV-N/1978) (CPV-2)

NS1_PAVHH

Hamster parvovirus H1

NS1_PAVHU

Human parvovirus B19 (isolate AU) (HPV B19)

NS1_PAVL3

Parvovirus LuIII

NS1_PAVPK

Porcine parvovirus (strain Kresse) (PPV)

NS1_PAVPN

Porcine parvovirus (strain NADL-2) (PPV)

1 entry

Non-structural protein NS-S (NSs)

1 entry

Protein Rep68 (EC 3.6.4.12)

REP68_AAV2S

Adeno-associated virus 2 (isolate Srivastava/1982) (AAV-2) reference strain

1S9H; 1U0J; 4ZO0; 4ZQ9; 5DCX; 6XB8; 7JSE; 7JSF; 7JSG; 7JSH; 7JSI; 9BC5; 9BU7

1 entry

Protein Rep78

3 entries

Protein sigma-1-small (Sigma1s) (Sigma-s) (Sigma1NS) (Sigma1bNS) (p14)

SIG1S_REOVL

Reovirus type 1 (strain Lang) (T1L) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 1) reference strain

SIG1S_REOVD

Reovirus type 3 (strain Dearing) (T3D) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 3)

SIG1S_REOVJ

Reovirus type 2 (strain D5/Jones) (T2J) (Mammalian orthoreovirus 2)

4 entries

Protein UL24 homolog

UL24_GAHVM

Gallid herpesvirus 2 (strain Chicken/Md5/ATCC VR-987) (GaHV-2) (Marek's disease herpesvirus type 1) reference strain

UL24_HHV8P

Human herpesvirus 8 type P (isolate GK18) (HHV-8) (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) reference strain

UL24_PSHV1

Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

Protein UL24

UL24_EHV1

Equine herpesvirus 1 (strain HVS25A) (EHV-1) (Equine abortion virus)

2 entries

Protein UL76

UL76_HCMVA

Human cytomegalovirus (strain AD169) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain

UL76_HCMVM

Human cytomegalovirus (strain Merlin) (HHV-5) (Human herpesvirus 5) reference strain

29 entries

Protein E4

VE4_BPV1

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 reference strain

VE4_HPV04

Human papillomavirus 4 reference strain

VE4_HPV05

Human papillomavirus 5 reference strain

VE4_HPV1

Human papillomavirus type 1 (Human papillomavirus type 1a) reference strain

VE4_HPV11

Human papillomavirus 11 reference strain

VE4_HPV16

Human papillomavirus type 16 reference strain

Protein E4 (E1^E4)

VE4_HPV18

Human papillomavirus type 18 reference strain

VE4_HPV29

Human papillomavirus 29 reference strain

VE4_HPV31

Human papillomavirus 31 reference strain

VE4_HPV39

Human papillomavirus 39 reference strain

VE4_HPV41

Human papillomavirus type 41 reference strain

VE4_HPV54

Human papillomavirus type 54 reference strain

VE4_HPV63

Human papillomavirus type 63 reference strain

VE4_BPV2

Bos taurus papillomavirus 2 (Bovine papillomavirus 2)

Probable protein E4

VE4_HPV08

Human papillomavirus type 8

VE4_HPV13

Human papillomavirus 13

VE4_HPV28

Human papillomavirus 28

VE4_HPV2A

Human papillomavirus type 2a

VE4_HPV33

Human papillomavirus 33

Protein E4 (E1^E4)

VE4_HPV35

Human papillomavirus 35

VE4_HPV42

Human papillomavirus 42

VE4_HPV47

Human papillomavirus 47

VE4_HPV51

Human papillomavirus 51

VE4_HPV57

Human papillomavirus 57

VE4_HPV58

Human papillomavirus 58

VE4_HPV5B

Human papillomavirus type 5b

VE4_HPV65

Human papillomavirus 65

VE4_HPV6A

Human papillomavirus type 6a

VE4_HPV6B

Human papillomavirus type 6b

Protein E4 (E1^E4)

52 entries

Protein Vpr (R ORF protein) (Viral protein R)

VPR_HV190

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate 90CF056) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV192

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate 92BR025) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV193

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate 93BR020) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1A2

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate ARV2/SF2) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1AN

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate ANT70) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1B9

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (strain 89.6) (HIV-1) reference strain

1CEU; 1ESX; 1M8L; 1VPC; 1X9V; 5B56

VPR_HV1BR

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BRU/LAI) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1EL

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate ELI) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1ET

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate ETH2220) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1H2

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) (HIV-1) reference strain

4U1S

VPR_HV1MA

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate MAL) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1MN

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate MN) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1RH

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate RF/HAT3) (HIV-1) reference strain

1FI0

VPR_HV1VI

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate VI850) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV1YF

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1) reference strain

VPR_HV2BE

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate BEN) (HIV-2) reference strain

VPR_SIVCZ

Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate CPZ GAB1) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain

VPR_SIVEK

Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate EK505) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain

VPR_SIVMB

Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate MB66) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain

VPR_HV112

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate PCV12) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV196

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 96CM-MP535) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV197

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 97ZR-EQTB11) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV19N

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate 92NG083) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1B1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1B5

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH5) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1H3

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB3) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1JR

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JRCSF) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1M2

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP257) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1MP

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP255) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1MV

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate MVP5180) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1N5

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate NY5) (HIV-1)

1BDE; 1DSJ; 1DSK; 1KZS; 1KZT; 1KZV; 5JK7; 6XQI; 6XQJ; 7V7C

VPR_HV1OY

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate OYI) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1S2

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9280) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1S3

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SF33) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1S9

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9173) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1SC

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SC) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1SE

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate SE6165) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1V9

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate VI991) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1Y2

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate YU-2) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1YB

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV1Z2

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate Z2/CDC-Z34) (HIV-1)

VPR_HV2CA

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate CAM2) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2D1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate D194) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2D2

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate D205) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2EH

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate EHO) (HIV-2)

Protein Vpr (Viral protein R)

VPR_HV2G1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate Ghana-1) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2KR

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate KR) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2NZ

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate NIH-Z) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2RO

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ROD) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2SB

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate SBLISY) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2ST

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ST) (HIV-2)

VPR_HV2UC

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate UC1) (HIV-2)

55 entries

Protein X (HBx) (Peptide X) (pX)

X_HBVC1

Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype adr (isolate Japan/Nishioka/1983) (HBV-C) reference strain

X_HBVCJ

Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ayr (isolate Human/Japan/Okamoto/-) (HBV-C) reference strain

X_HBVD3

Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate France/Tiollais/1979) (HBV-D) reference strain

X_HBVD4

Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate Japan/JYW796/1988) (HBV-D) reference strain

X_HBVD7

Hepatitis B virus genotype D (isolate Germany/1-91/1991) (HBV-D) reference strain

X_WHV5

Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 8) (WHV) reference strain

X_ASHV

Arctic squirrel hepatitis virus (ASHV)

X_GSHV

Ground squirrel hepatitis virus (strain 27) (GSHV)

X_HBVA2

Hepatitis B virus genotype A2 subtype adw (isolate Japan/Nishioka/1983) (HBV-A)

X_HBVA3

Hepatitis B virus genotype A2 subtype adw2 (strain Rutter 1979) (HBV-A)

X_HBVA4

Hepatitis B virus genotype A2 subtype adw2 (isolate Germany/991/1990) (HBV-A)

X_HBVA6

Hepatitis B virus genotype A1 subtype adw2 (isolate South Africa/84/2001) (HBV-A)

X_HBVA7

Hepatitis B virus genotype A2 (isolate Japan/11D11HCCW/1998) (HBV-A)

X_HBVA8

Hepatitis B virus genotype A3 (isolate Cameroon/CMR983/1994) (HBV-A)

X_HBVA9

Hepatitis B virus genotype A3 (isolate Cameroon/CMR711/1994) (HBV-A)

X_HBVB1

Hepatitis B virus genotype B1 subtype adw (isolate Japan/pJDW233/1988) (HBV-B)

X_HBVB2

Hepatitis B virus genotype B2 (isolate Indonesia/pIDW420/1988) (HBV-B)

X_HBVB3

Hepatitis B virus genotype B2 (isolate Vietnam/9873/1997) (HBV-B)

X_HBVB4

Hepatitis B virus genotype B/C subtype adw (isolate Okinawa/pODW282/1998) (HBV-B)

X_HBVB5

Hepatitis B virus genotype B2 (isolate Vietnam/16091/1992) (HBV-B)

X_HBVB6

Hepatitis B virus genotype B2 subtype adw (isolate China/patient4/1996) (HBV-B)

X_HBVB7

Hepatitis B virus genotype B1 (isolate Japan/Yamagata-2/1998) (HBV-B)

X_HBVB8

Hepatitis B virus genotype B1 (isolate Japan/Ry30/2002) (HBV-B)

X_HBVC0

Hepatitis B virus genotype C (isolate Vietnam/3270/2000) (HBV-C)

X_HBVC2

Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ar (isolate Japan/S-207/1988) (HBV-C)

X_HBVC3

Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype adr (strain Japan/adr4/1983) (HBV-C)

X_HBVC5

Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ad (isolate Japan/S-179/1988) (HBV-C)

8WLS

X_HBVC7

Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ayw (isolate China/Tibet127/2002) (HBV-C)

X_HBVC8

Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype adr (isolate Japan/A4/1994) (HBV-C)

X_HBVC9

Hepatitis B virus genotype C subtype ayw (isolate Australia/AustRC/1992) (HBV-C)

X_HBVCP

Chimpanzee hepatitis B virus (isolate United Kingdom/LSH/1988) (HBVcpz)

X_HBVD2

Hepatitis B virus genotype D (isolate France/alpha1/1989) (HBV-D)

X_HBVD5

Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate Australia/AustKW/1991) (HBV-D)

X_HBVD6

Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate Italy/CI/1992) (HBV-D)

X_HBVE1

Hepatitis B virus genotype E subtype ayw4 (isolate Kou) (HBV-E)

X_HBVE2

Hepatitis B virus genotype E (isolate Cote d'Ivoire/ABI-129/2003) (HBV-E)

X_HBVE3

Hepatitis B virus genotype E (isolate Chimpanzee/Ch195/1999) (HBV-E)

X_HBVE4

Hepatitis B virus genotype E (isolate Cote d'Ivoire/ABI-212/2003) (HBV-E)

3I7H

X_HBVF1

Hepatitis B virus genotype F2 (isolate Brazil/w4B) (HBV-F)

X_HBVF2

Hepatitis B virus genotype F1 subtype adw4 (isolate El Salvador/1116Sal/1997) (HBV-F)

X_HBVF4

Hepatitis B virus genotype F2 (isolate Argentina/sa16/2000) (HBV-F)

5FCG

X_HBVF6

Hepatitis B virus genotype F2 subtype adw4q (isolate Senegal/9203) (HBV-F)

8GTX

X_HBVG3

Hepatitis B virus genotype G (isolate IG29227/2000) (HBV-G)

X_HBVGB

Gibbon hepatitis B virus subtype ayw3q (isolate Hope) (HBVgbn)

X_HBVGO

Gorilla hepatitis B virus (isolate Cameroon/gor97) (HBVgor)

X_HBVH1

Hepatitis B virus genotype H (isolate United States/LAS2523/2002) (HBV-H)

X_HBVH2

Hepatitis B virus genotype H subtype adw4 (isolate Nicaragua/1853Nic/1997) (HBV-H)

X_HBVH3

Hepatitis B virus genotype H subtype adw4 (isolate Nicaragua/2928Nic/1997) (HBV-H)

X_HBVOR

Orangutan hepatitis B virus (isolate Somad) (HBVoru)

X_WHV1

Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 1) (WHV)

3I7K

X_WHV2

Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 2) (WHV)

X_WHV3

Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 59) (WHV)

X_WHV4

Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate 7) (WHV)

X_WHV6

Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (isolate w64/pWS23) (WHV)

X_WMHBV

Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus (isolate Louisville) (WMHBV)