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Modulation of host chromatin by virus (kw:KW-1122)

Chromatin is defined as the structure that organizes DNA within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Histones play an essential function in the chromatin organization. They package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosome. They undergo posttranslational modifications that affect their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins. For example, histone acetylation is a hallmark of actively transcribed chromatin while methylation lead to either activated or repressed chromatin.

Many viruses evovled mechanisms to modulate chromatin factors to complete their life cycle. Nuclear entry, transcription, genome stabilization and virion packaging involve complex modulation of host chromatin. Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 encodes vSET, a viral homolog of cellular SET protein and methylates specifically histone H3 at lysine-27 leading to rapid inhibition of host transcription after viral infection. Herpes simplexvirus VP16 protein recruits co-activators and transcription factors to IE promoters dissociating histones from these promoters while Us3 protein inhibits HDAC1. HIV protein TAT recruits the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex to long terminal repeat (LTR) in order to increase its transactivating activities. Epstein-Barr virus BGLF4 modulates both host condensin and topoisomerase II. Human cytomegalovirus proteins IE1 and IE2 interact with host histone deacetylase HDAC3. This ability to modify chromatin is fundamental to transcriptional activation by IE1 and IE2.

Viral molecular biology Host/virus interactions
Links Uniprot Keyword: KW-1122
GO ontology:
Virus -Human herpes virus (HHV-1)
(Herpesviridae ,simplexvirus)
-Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4)
(Herpesviridae ,Cytomegalovirus)
-HCMV
(Herpesviridae ,Lymphocryptovirus)
-HIV
(Retroviridae ,Lentivirus)
-PBCV-1
(Phycodnaviridae ,Chlorovirus)
-HTLV-1
(Retroviridae ,Lentivirus)
-Foot-and-mouth disease virus
(Picornaviridae ,Aphthovirus)

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

69 entries grouped by strain

1 entry

Epstein-Barr virus (strain AG876) (HHV-4) (Human herpesvirus 4) reference strain

KR2_EBVA8 Serine/threonine-protein kinase BGLF4 (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Epstein-Barr virus (strain B95-8) (HHV-4) (Human herpesvirus 4) reference strain

KR2_EBVB9 Serine/threonine-protein kinase BGLF4 (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Equine herpesvirus 1 (strain Ab4p) (EHV-1) (Equine abortion virus) reference strain

US03_EHV1B Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O (FMDV) reference strain

POLG_FMDVO Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 1QMY; 1QOL; 1QQP; 2JQF; 2JQG; 4QBB; 6FFA

1 entry

Gallid herpesvirus 2 (strain Chicken/Md5/ATCC VR-987) (GaHV-2) (Marek's disease herpesvirus type 1) reference strain

US03_GAHVM Protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Human herpesvirus 1 (strain 17) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex virus 1) reference strain

US03_HHV11 Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Human herpesvirus 2 (strain HG52) (HHV-2) (Human herpes simplex virus 2) reference strain

US03_HHV2H Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate MAL) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1MA Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

pdb 1K5K

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate U455) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1U4 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate ARV2/SF2) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1A2 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BRU/LAI) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1BR Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

pdb 1JFW; 1JM4

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1H2 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

pdb 3MI9; 3MIA; 4OR5; 5V61; 6CYT; 6MCE; 6MCF

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate MN) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1MN Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate RF/HAT3) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1RH Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (strain 89.6) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1B9 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate 92BR025) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV192 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate ETH2220) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1ET Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate ELI) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1EL Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate 93BR020) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV193 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate VI850) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1VI Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate 90CF056) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV190 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1YF Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate ANT70) (HIV-1) reference strain

TAT_HV1AN Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (isolate Amazon parrot/-/97-0001/1997) (PsHV-1) (Pacheco's disease virus) reference strain

US03_PSHV1 Protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate CPZ GAB1) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain

TAT_SIVCZ Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate EK505) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain

TAT_SIVEK Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate MB66) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain

TAT_SIVMB Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Varicella-zoster virus (strain Dumas) (HHV-3) (Human herpesvirus 3) reference strain

US03_VZVD Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 homolog (Protein kinase ORF66) (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Bovine herpesvirus 1.2 (strain ST) (BoHV-1) (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus)

US03_BHV1S Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Cercopithecine herpesvirus 9 (strain DHV) (CeHV-9) (Simian varicella virus)

US03_CHV9D Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Epstein-Barr virus (strain GD1) (HHV-4) (Human gammaherpesvirus 4)

KR2_EBVG Serine/threonine-protein kinase BGLF4 (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Equine herpesvirus 1 (strain V592) (EHV-1) (Equine abortion virus)

US03_EHV1V Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate -/Azerbaijan/A22-550/1965 serotype A) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDVZ Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 1FMD; 6A6H; 7D3R; 7FEJ

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate -/Brazil/C3Indaial/1971 serotype C) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDVI Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate -/Germany/A5Westerwald/1951 serotype A) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDV5 Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 7FEJ

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate -/Germany/C1Oberbayen/1960 serotype C) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDVT Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 1EJO; 1FMD; 1QGC

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate -/Spain/S8c1SantaPau/1970 serotype C) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDVS Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 1QGC; 4WYL; 4WYW; 4WZM; 4WZQ; 4X2B; 5JXS; 5N8X; 5N95; 6GVV; 6GVY; 6KWK; 6KWL; 6S2L; 8C1N; 8C2P

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate Bovine/Brazil/A24Cruzeiro/1955 serotype A) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDVC Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 7FEI

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate Bovine/United Kingdom/A12Valle119/1932 serotype A) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDVA Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 1BCV; 7D3R

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (isolate Swine/Taiwan/OTai/1997 serotype O) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDVP Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (strain A10/Holland/1961 serotype A) (FMDV)

POLG_FMDV1 Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 1ZBA; 1ZBE; 2BHG; 2J92; 2WV4; 2WV5; 5OWX; 5OYI

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia-1 (FMDV)

POLG_FMDA1 Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 8GQV

1 entry

Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT-2 (FMDV)

POLG_FMDS2 Genome polyprotein [Cleaved into: Leader protease (Lpro) (EC 3.4.22.46); Capsid protein VP0 ...

pdb 7E6V

1 entry

Gallid herpesvirus 2 (strain GA) (GaHV-2) (Marek's disease herpesvirus type 1)

US03_GAHVG Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1B1 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

pdb 5L1Z

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate CDC-451) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1C4 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

pdb 9DE5

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB3) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1H3 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

pdb 4OGR

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JRCSF) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1JR Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate OYI) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1OY Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate PCV12) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV112 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

pdb 5SVZ

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SC) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1SC Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SF162) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1S1 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SF33) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1S3 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate YU-2) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1Y2 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate NDK) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1ND Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate Z2/CDC-Z34) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1Z2 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

pdb 1TAC; 1TBC; 1TIV; 2BGN; 2BGR; 8CCW; 8CCZ

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate Z6) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1Z6 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP255) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1MP Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP257) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1M2 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate 92NG083) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV19N Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate SE6165) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1SE Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate VI991) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1V9 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9173) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1S9 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9280) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1S2 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 96CM-MP535) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV196 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 97ZR-EQTB11) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV197 Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1YB Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate MVP5180) (HIV-1)

TAT_HV1MV Protein Tat (Transactivating regulatory protein)

1 entry

Suid herpesvirus 1 (strain NIA-3) (SuHV-1) (Pseudorabies virus (strain NIA-3))

US03_SUHVN Serine/threonine-protein kinase US3 homolog (EC 2.7.11.1)