Begomovirus (taxid:10814)

VIRION

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Non-enveloped, about 38 nm in length and 22 nm in diameter (for MSV), twinned (geminate) incomplete T=1 icosahedral symmetry capsid that contains 22 pentameric capsomers made of 110 capsid proteins (CP). Each geminate particle contains only a single circular ssDNA.

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GENOME

Bipartite: components A and B (with some exceptions like TYLCV, ToLCV and AYVV which are monopartite), circular, ssDNA genome (+) of about 2.6 kb per component (5.2 kb in total). 3' terminus has no poly(A) tract. There are coding regions in both the virion (positive) and complementary (negative) sense strands.
The genome is replicated through double-stranded intermediates. The replication (Rep) protein initiates and terminates rolling circle replication, the host DNA polymerase being used for DNA replication itself. There is a potential stem-loop structure in the intergenic region that includes a conserved nonanucleotide sequence (TAATATTAC) where ssDNA synthesis is initiated. Component B is dependent on A for replication. The A and B components each have a common region (CR), which consists of a block of approximately 200bp within the IR and corresponds to the non-coding region common for topocu- and begomoviruses. The common region also contains two divergent promoters which differentially regulate the temporal expression of the viral genes.

GENE EXPRESSION

Transcription is bidirectional from the common region (CR). Proteins are expressed from subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs). Leaky scanning is probably used for the expression of some of the overlapping proteins.

In bipartite begomoviruses, the A component encodes five or six proteins. On the v-sense: the CP. On the c-sense: Rep, a transcriptional activator (TrAP/AL2), a replication enhancer (REn), AC4, and, in some strains an optional protein AV2. The B component encodes two proteins involved in movement. BC1 on the c-sense and BV1 on the v-sense.

Monopartite begomoviruses encode six proteins: Rep, TrAP, CP, REn, C4, and V2.

ENZYMES

REPLICATION

NUCLEAR

  1. Virus penetrates into the host cell.
  2. Uncoating, the viral ssDNA genome penetrates into the nucleus.
  3. The ssDNA is converted into dsDNA with the participation of cellular factors.
  4. bidirectional dsDNA transcription from the IR promoter produces viral mRNAs and translation of viral proteins.
  5. Replication is initiated by cleavage of the(+)strand by REP, and occurs by rolling circle producing ssDNA genomes.
  6. These newly synthesized ssDNA can either
    a) be converted to dsDNA and serve as a template for transcription/replication
    b) be encapsidated by CP and form virions released from the cell by budding
    c) be transported outside the nucleus, to a neighboring cell through plasmodesmata (cell-cell movement) with the help of viral movement proteins.

Host-virus interaction

Cell-cycle modulation

Begomovirus protein Rep is responsible for inhibiting host retinoblastoma protein and inducing transition from the G1 to S phase in preparation for virus replication since the virus targets differentiated non-dividing cells. .

Suppression of host silencing-mediated antiviral defense

Begomovirus viral proteins are able to suppress host cell RNA silencing

Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

130 entries grouped by protein

18 entries

Protein AC4 (Protein AL4)

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AC4_BGYMJ
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico-Japan) (BGYMV) reference strain
AC4_BGYMV
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico) (BGYMV) (Bean golden mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico)) reference strain
AC4_MYMVV
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (strain Vigna) (MYMV) reference strain
AC4_TGMVY
Tomato golden mosaic virus (strain Yellow vein) (TGMV) reference strain
AC4_TLCVA
Tomato leaf curl virus (strain Australia) (ToLCV) reference strain

Protein C4 (10.9 kDa protein) (Protein L4)

AC4_TYCSV
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) reference strain

Protein C4 (11.1 kDa protein) (Protein L4)

AC4_TYLCI
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (strain Israel) (TYLCV) reference strain

Protein C4 (10.9 kDa protein) (Protein L4)

AC4_ABMVW
Abutilon mosaic virus (isolate West India) (AbMV)
AC4_CALCV
Cabbage leaf curl virus (isolate Jamaica) (CaLCuV)
AC4_CLVK
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate West Kenyan 844) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate West Kenyan 844))
AC4_CLVN
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate Nigerian) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate Nigerian))
AC4_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)
AC4_PHUV
Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) (Pepper huasteco virus)
AC4_PYMVV
Potato yellow mosaic virus (isolate Venezuela) (PYMV)
AC4_SLCV
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)
AC4_TYCS1
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-1) (TYLCSV)

Protein C4 (10.9 kDa protein) (Protein L4)

AC4_TYCS2
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-2) (TYLCSV)

Protein C4 (10.9 kDa protein) (Protein L4)

AC4_TYLCC
Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV)

Protein C4 (10.9 kDa protein) (Protein L4)

10 entries

Protein V2

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AV2_MYMVV
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (strain Vigna) (MYMV) reference strain

Protein AV2

AV2_TLCVA
Tomato leaf curl virus (strain Australia) (ToLCV) reference strain
AV2_TYCSV
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) reference strain
AV2_TYLCI
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (strain Israel) (TYLCV) reference strain
AV2_CLVK
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate West Kenyan 844) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate West Kenyan 844))

Protein AV2

AV2_CLVN
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate Nigerian) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate Nigerian))

Uncharacterized 13.1 kDa protein

AV2_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)

Protein AV2

AV2_TYCS1
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-1) (TYLCSV)
AV2_TYCS2
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-2) (TYLCSV)
AV2_TYLCC
Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV)

2 entries

Movement protein BC1 (Movement protein BL1)

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BC1_TGMVY
Tomato golden mosaic virus (strain Yellow vein) (TGMV) reference strain
BC1_TMOV
Tomato mottle virus (isolate Florida) (ToMoV)

19 entries

Capsid protein (Coat protein) (CP)

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CAPSD_BGYMJ
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico-Japan) (BGYMV) reference strain
CAPSD_BGYMV
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico) (BGYMV) (Bean golden mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico)) reference strain
CAPSD_MYMVV
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (strain Vigna) (MYMV) reference strain
CAPSD_TGMVY
Tomato golden mosaic virus (strain Yellow vein) (TGMV) reference strain
CAPSD_TLCVA
Tomato leaf curl virus (strain Australia) (ToLCV) reference strain
CAPSD_TYCSV
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) reference strain
CAPSD_TYLCI
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (strain Israel) (TYLCV) reference strain
CAPSD_ABMVW
Abutilon mosaic virus (isolate West India) (AbMV)
CAPSD_CALCV
Cabbage leaf curl virus (isolate Jamaica) (CaLCuV)
CAPSD_CLVK
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate West Kenyan 844) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate West Kenyan 844))
CAPSD_CLVN
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate Nigerian) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate Nigerian))
CAPSD_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)
CAPSD_PHUV
Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) (Pepper huasteco virus)
CAPSD_PYMVV
Potato yellow mosaic virus (isolate Venezuela) (PYMV)
CAPSD_SLCV
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)
CAPSD_TMOV
Tomato mottle virus (isolate Florida) (ToMoV)
CAPSD_TYCS1
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-1) (TYLCSV)
CAPSD_TYCS2
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-2) (TYLCSV)
CAPSD_TYLCC
Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV)

10 entries

Movement protein BC1 (Movement protein BL1)

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MVP_BGYMJ
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico-Japan) (BGYMV) reference strain
MVP_BGYMV
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico) (BGYMV) (Bean golden mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico)) reference strain
MVP_MYMVV
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (strain Vigna) (MYMV) reference strain
MVP_ABMVW
Abutilon mosaic virus (isolate West India) (AbMV)
MVP_CALCV
Cabbage leaf curl virus (isolate Jamaica) (CaLCuV)
MVP_CLVK
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate West Kenyan 844) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate West Kenyan 844))

Movement protein BC1 (33.7 kDa protein) (Movement protein BL1)

MVP_CLVN
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate Nigerian) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate Nigerian))

Movement protein BC1 (33.7 kDa protein) (Movement protein BL1)

MVP_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)
MVP_PYMVV
Potato yellow mosaic virus (isolate Venezuela) (PYMV)
MVP_SLCV
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)

13 entries

Nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) (Protein BR1) (Protein BV1)

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NSP_BGYMJ
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico-Japan) (BGYMV) reference strain
NSP_BGYMV
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico) (BGYMV) (Bean golden mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico)) reference strain
NSP_MYMVV
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (strain Vigna) (MYMV) reference strain
NSP_TGMVY
Tomato golden mosaic virus (strain Yellow vein) (TGMV) reference strain
NSP_ABMVW
Abutilon mosaic virus (isolate West India) (AbMV)
NSP_CALCV
Cabbage leaf curl virus (isolate Jamaica) (CaLCuV)
NSP_CLVK
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate West Kenyan 844) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate West Kenyan 844))
NSP_CLVN
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate Nigerian) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate Nigerian))

Nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) (29.4 kDa protein) (Protein BR1) (Protein BV1)

NSP_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)
NSP_PHUV
Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) (Pepper huasteco virus)
NSP_PYMVV
Potato yellow mosaic virus (isolate Venezuela) (PYMV)
NSP_SLCV
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)
NSP_TMOV
Tomato mottle virus (isolate Florida) (ToMoV)

19 entries

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (Protein AC3) (Protein AL3)

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REN_BGYMJ
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico-Japan) (BGYMV) reference strain

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (15.6 kDa protein) (Protein AC3) (Protein AL3)

REN_BGYMV
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico) (BGYMV) (Bean golden mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico)) reference strain

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (15.6 kDa protein) (Protein AC3) (Protein AL3)

REN_MYMVV
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (strain Vigna) (MYMV) reference strain
REN_TGMVY
Tomato golden mosaic virus (strain Yellow vein) (TGMV) reference strain
REN_TLCVA
Tomato leaf curl virus (strain Australia) (ToLCV) reference strain

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (Protein C3) (Protein L3)

REN_TYCSV
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) reference strain

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (Protein C3) (Protein L3)

REN_TYLCI
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (strain Israel) (TYLCV) reference strain

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (15.6 kDa protein) (Protein C3) (Protein L3)

REN_ABMVW
Abutilon mosaic virus (isolate West India) (AbMV)
REN_CALCV
Cabbage leaf curl virus (isolate Jamaica) (CaLCuV)

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (15.6 kDa protein) (Protein AC3) (Protein AL3)

REN_CLVK
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate West Kenyan 844) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate West Kenyan 844))

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (15.9 kDa protein) (Protein AC3) (Protein AL3)

REN_CLVN
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate Nigerian) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate Nigerian))

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (15.9 kDa protein) (Protein AC3) (Protein AL3)

REN_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)
REN_PHUV
Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) (Pepper huasteco virus)
REN_PYMVV
Potato yellow mosaic virus (isolate Venezuela) (PYMV)
REN_SLCV
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)
REN_TMOV
Tomato mottle virus (isolate Florida) (ToMoV)
REN_TYCS1
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-1) (TYLCSV)

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (Protein C3) (Protein L3)

REN_TYCS2
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-2) (TYLCSV)

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (Protein C3) (Protein L3)

REN_TYLCC
Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV)

Replication enhancer protein (REn) (Protein C3) (Protein L3)

19 entries

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (Protein AC1) (Protein AL1)

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REP_BGYMJ
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico-Japan) (BGYMV) reference strain

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (40.2 kDa protein) (Protein AC1) (Protein AL1)

REP_BGYMV
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico) (BGYMV) (Bean golden mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico)) reference strain

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (40.2 kDa protein) (Protein AC1) (Protein AL1)

REP_MYMVV
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (strain Vigna) (MYMV) reference strain
REP_TGMVY
Tomato golden mosaic virus (strain Yellow vein) (TGMV) reference strain
REP_TYCSV
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) reference strain

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (Protein C1)

REP_TYLCI
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (strain Israel) (TYLCV) reference strain

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (Protein C1)

REP_ABMVW
Abutilon mosaic virus (isolate West India) (AbMV)
REP_CALCV
Cabbage leaf curl virus (isolate Jamaica) (CaLCuV)

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (40.2 kDa protein) (Protein AC1) (Protein AL1)

REP_CLVK
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate West Kenyan 844) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate West Kenyan 844))

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (40.4 kDa protein) (Protein AC1) (Protein AL1)

REP_CLVN
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate Nigerian) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate Nigerian))

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (40.4 kDa protein) (Protein AC1) (Protein AL1)

REP_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)
REP_PHUV
Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) (Pepper huasteco virus)
REP_PYMVV
Potato yellow mosaic virus (isolate Venezuela) (PYMV)
REP_SLCV
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)
REP_TLCVA
Tomato leaf curl virus (strain Australia) (ToLCV)

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (Protein C1)

REP_TMOV
Tomato mottle virus (isolate Florida) (ToMoV)
REP_TYCS1
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-1) (TYLCSV)

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (Protein C1)

REP_TYCS2
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-2) (TYLCSV)

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (Protein C1)

REP_TYLCC
Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV)

Replication-associated protein (Rep) (EC 2.7.7.-) (EC 3.1.21.-) (Protein C1)

19 entries

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (Protein AC2) (Protein AL2)

Select_allDeselect_all
TRAP_BGYMJ
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico-Japan) (BGYMV) reference strain

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (19.6 kDa protein) (Protein AC2) (Protein AL2)

TRAP_BGYMV
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico) (BGYMV) (Bean golden mosaic virus (isolate Puerto Rico)) reference strain

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (19.6 kDa protein) (Protein AC2) (Protein AL2)

TRAP_MYMVV
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (strain Vigna) (MYMV) reference strain
TRAP_TGMVY
Tomato golden mosaic virus (strain Yellow vein) (TGMV) reference strain
TRAP_TLCVA
Tomato leaf curl virus (strain Australia) (ToLCV) reference strain

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (Protein C2) (Protein L2)

TRAP_TYCSV
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) reference strain

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (Protein C2) (Protein L2)

TRAP_TYLCI
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (strain Israel) (TYLCV) reference strain

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (Protein C2) (Protein L2)

TRAP_ABMVW
Abutilon mosaic virus (isolate West India) (AbMV)
TRAP_CALCV
Cabbage leaf curl virus (isolate Jamaica) (CaLCuV)
TRAP_CLVK
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate West Kenyan 844) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate West Kenyan 844))

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (15.2 kDa protein) (Protein AC2) (Protein AL2)

TRAP_CLVN
African cassava mosaic virus (isolate Nigerian) (ACMV) (Cassava latent virus (isolate Nigerian))

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (15.2 kDa protein) (Protein AC2) (Protein AL2)

TRAP_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)
TRAP_PHUV
Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) (Pepper huasteco virus)
TRAP_PYMVV
Potato yellow mosaic virus (isolate Venezuela) (PYMV)
TRAP_SLCV
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)
TRAP_TMOV
Tomato mottle virus (isolate Florida) (ToMoV)
TRAP_TYCS1
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-1) (TYLCSV)

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (Protein C2) (Protein L2)

TRAP_TYCS2
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (isolate Spain-2) (TYLCSV)

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (Protein C2) (Protein L2)

TRAP_TYLCC
Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV)

Transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) (Protein C2) (Protein L2)

1 entry

Putative uncharacterized protein AC5

YAL4_ICMV
Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV)