Ribosomal frameshifting (kw:KW-0688)
Programmed Ribosomal frameshifting is an alternate mechanism of translation to merge proteins encoded by two overlapping open reading frames. The frameshift occurs at low frequency and consists of ribosomes slipping by one base in either the 5'(-1) or 3'(+1) directions during translation. Some viruses contains both a +1 and a -1 ribosomal frameshifts
-1 Ribosomal frameshift
All cis-acting frameshift signals encoded in mRNAs are minimally composed of two functional elements: a heptanucleotide "slippery sequence" conforming to the general form X XXY YYZ, followed by a RNA structural element, usually a H-type RNA pseudoknot, positioned an optimal number of nucleotides (5 to 9) downstream. Mechanistically, the ribosome is stalled on the slippery sequence by the pseudoknot structure in 3'. In about 10% cases, the ribosome will backtrack one nucleotide, creating one or more mismatchs between tRNAs and mRNA. Translation resolves on the backtracked ribosome in the -1 frame.
Family | Genus | Virus | Type | RefSeq | .......... XXXYYYZ .......... | Frameshift position | Freq | Ref |
-1/-2 FRAMESHIFTS | ||||||||
Totiviridae | Giardiavirus | Giardia lamblia virus | -1 | NC_003555 | CGUGCGCCAU CCCUUUA UCCGAUCGUG | 2871 | ![]() | |
Totivirus | Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A | -1 | NC_003745 | GUACUCAGCA GGGUUUA GGAGUGGUAG | 1964 | ![]() |
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Astroviridae | Avastrovirus | Turkey astrovirus 1 | -1 | NC_002470 | CUACGUGUUC AAAAAAC UAGAUAGUCA | 3307 | ![]() |
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Mamastrovirus | Human astrovirus 1 | -1 | NC_001943 | ACAAGGCCCC AAAAAAC UACAAAGGGC | 2845 | ![]() |
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Luteoviridae | Enamovirus | Pea enation mosaic virus-1 | -1 | NC_003629 | CCAGACGCUC GGGAAAC GGAUUAUUCC | 2035 | ![]() |
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Luteovirus | Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV | -1 | NC_004750 | TTGACTCTGT GGGUUUU AGAGGGGCTC | 1159 | ![]() |
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Polerovirus | Potato leafroll virus | -1 | NC_001747 | CAAACAAGCC UUUAAAU GGGCAAGCGG | 1774 | ![]() |
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Arteriviridae | Arterivirus | Equine arteritis virus | -1 | NC_002532 | CAGUGAAUCA GUUAAAC UGAGAGCGCC | 5405 | ![]() |
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus | -2 | NC_001961 | UGAGCCGUCA GGUUUUU GACCUCGUCU | 3887-3888 | ![]() |
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Coronaviridae | Alphacoronavirus | Human coronavirus 229E | -1 | NC_002645 | AUAACAGUUA UUUAAAC GAGUCCGGGG | 12520 | ![]() |
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Betacoronavirus | Human SARS coronavirus | -1 | NC_004718 | CAUCAACGUU UUUAAAC GGGUUUGCGG | 13398 | ![]() |
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Gammacoronavirus | Avian Infectious bronchitis virus | -1 | NC_002645 | AUAAGAAUUA UUUAAAC GGGUACGGGG | 12354 | ![]() |
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Bafinivirus | White bream virus | -1 | NC_008516 | AGCAGCCGCC UUUAAAC TGGAGGGCAG | 14555 | - | ||
Torovirus | Breda virus | -1 | NC_007447 | CUGUUGGUGA UUUAAAC UGCUGAGAGA | 14184 | - | ||
FLaviviridae | Flavivirus | West nile virus | -1 | NC_009942 | UAUGAUUGAC CCUUUUC AGUUGGGCCU | 3552 | 30-50% | ![]() |
Mesoniviridae | Mesonivirus | Alphamesonivirus 1 | -1 | NC_015668 | GCACCCUUUG GAUUUUC CAAAGUGGGC | 7841 | ![]() |
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Picornaviridae | Cardiovirus | Encephalomyocardidis virus | -1 | NC_001479 | CAAGGAAACA GGUUUUC CAGACCCAAG | 3998 | ![]() |
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Tombusviridae | Dianthovirus | Red clover necrotic mosaic virus | -1 | NC_003756 | AAUCCCUUGA GGAUUUU UAGGCGGCGG | 831 | ![]() |
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Retroviridae | Alpharetrovirus | Avian leukosis virus | -1 | NC_001408 | UCCGCUUGAC AAAUUUA UAGGGAGGGC | 2474 | ![]() |
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Betaretrovirus | Mouse mammary tumor virus | -1 | NC_001503 | CUGAAAAUUC AAAAAAC UUGUAAAGGG | 2082 | ![]() |
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Deltaretrovirus | Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 | -1 | NC_001436 | UCCCACACCC AAAAAAC UCCAUAGGGG | 1718 | ![]() |
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Lentivirus | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | -1 | NC_001802 | GACAGGCUAA UUUUUUA GGGAAGAUCU | 1637 | ![]() |
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Unclassified | Sobemovirus | Cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus | -1 | NC_002618 | CAAUCCGGCC UUUAAAC UACCAGCGGG | 1640 | ![]() |
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Umbravirus | Groundnut rosette virus | -1 | NC_003603 | CCGGGGCACA AAAUUUU UAGUUGGGGA | 867 | ![]() |
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Myoviridae | Mulikevirus | Mu phage | -2 | NC_000929 | CGCUGACACA AGAACGG GGGCGAGUGG | 23960 | ![]() |
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Myoviridae | P2likeviruses | Enterobacteria phage P2 | -1 | NC_003603 | CGGUAAGGUG GUCGGUU UUUUGUCGCC | 19679 | ![]() |
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Siphoviridae | Lambdalikevirus | Phage lambda | +1 | NC_001416 | AGAGCCUGUU UCUGCGG GAAAGTGTTC | 10110 | ![]() |
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Togaviridae | Alphavirus | Sindbis virus | +1 | NC_001547 | GCUGCCUGCC UUUUUUA GUGGUUCCGG | 10028 | 10-18% | ![]() |
Source:Michael Bekaert, thesis (in french) etude du decalage de phase de lecture dans le genome de Saccharomyces cerevisiae
+1 ribosomal frameshift
This frameshift is mechanistically different from the -1. The ribosome stalls on a slippery sequence, making a long pause at a rare codon for which few tRNAs are available. This long pause can be resolved by a movement forward of one nucleotide, creating one or more mismatchs between tRNAs and mRNA. Translation resolves on the advanced ribosome in the +1 frame.
Family | Genus | Virus | Type | RefSeq | .......... XXXYYYZ .......... | *{color:white}Frameshift position | *{color:white}Freq | *{color:white}Ref |
+1 FRAMESHIFTS (rare codon in yellow) | ||||||||
Orthomyxoviridae | Influenzavirus A | Influenzavirus A | +1 | NC_002022 | UCUGGGAUUC CUUUCGU CAGUCCGAG | 599 | ![]() |
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Totiviridae | Leishmaniavirus | Leishmania RNA virus 1-4 | +1 | NC_003601 | Not Identified | NA | ![]() |
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Siphoviridae | Lambdalikevirus | Bacillus phage SPP1 | +1 | NC_004166 | ACTGTTCCCG CTCCCC TAATGCGCC | 11,111 | ~10% | ![]() Origin and function of the two major tail proteins of bacteriophage SPP1 Isabelle Auzat, Anja Dr?ge, Frank Weise, Rudi Lurz, Paulo Tavares Mol. Microbiol. November 2008; 70: 557-569 |
Florian Zirkel, Andreas Kurth, Phenix-Lan Quan, Thomas Briese, Heinz Ellerbrok, Georg Pauli, Fabian H. Leendertz, W. Ian Lipkin, John Ziebuhr, Christian Drosten, Sandra Junglen
MBio 2011; 2: e00077-00011
Ezequiel Balmori Melian, Edward Hinzman, Tomoko Nagasaki, Andrew E. Firth, Norma M. Wills, Amanda S. Nouwens, Bradley J. Blitvich, Jason Leung, Anneke Funk, John F. Atkins, Roy Hall, Alexander A. Khromykh
J. Virol. February 2010; 84: 1641?1647
Andrew E. Firth, Betty Yw Chung, Marina N. Fleeton, John F. Atkins
Virol. J. 2008; 5: 108
Ezequiel Balmori Melian, Edward Hinzman, Tomoko Nagasaki, Andrew E. Firth, Norma M. Wills, Amanda S. Nouwens, Bradley J. Blitvich, Jason Leung, Anneke Funk, John F. Atkins, Roy Hall, Alexander A. Khromykh
J. Virol. February 2010; 84: 1641?1647
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)602 entries grouped by strain
4 entries
Escherichia phage T7 (Bacteriophage T7) reference strain
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Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
3 entries
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan ATK-1 subtype A) (HTLV-1) reference strain
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Human T-cell leukemia virus 2 (HTLV-2) reference strain
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Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain 2026ND) (HTLV-3) reference strain
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Mouse mammary tumor virus (strain BR6) (MMTV) reference strain
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Mouse mammary tumor virus (strain C3H) (MMTV) reference strain
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Avian infectious bronchitis virus (strain Beaudette) (IBV) reference strain
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Avian leukosis virus subgroup A (isolate RSA) (ALV-A RSA) reference strain
2 entries
Bat coronavirus HKU4 (BtCoV) (BtCoV/HKU4/2004) reference strain
2 entries
Bat coronavirus HKU5 (BtCoV) (BtCoV/HKU5/2004) reference strain
2 entries
Bat coronavirus HKU9 (BtCoV) (BtCoV/HKU9) reference strain
2 entries
Breda virus 1 (BRV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Chikungunya virus (strain S27-African prototype) (CHIKV) reference strain
2 entries
Cocksfoot mottle virus (isolate Dactylis glomerata/Norway/CfMV-NO/1995) (CfMV) reference strain
2 entries
Encephalomyocarditis virus (strain Rueckert) (EMCV) reference strain
2 entries
Escherichia phage Mu (Bacteriophage Mu) reference strain
2 entries
Escherichia phage N15 (Bacteriophage N15) reference strain
2 entries
Escherichia phage P2 (Bacteriophage P2) reference strain
2 entries
Escherichia phage lambda (Bacteriophage lambda) reference strain
2 entries
Giardia lamblia virus (isolate Wang) (GLV) reference strain
2 entries
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (isolate United States/NY1) (GLRaV-3) (Grapevine leafroll-associated closterovirus (isolate 109)) reference strain
2 entries
Hepatitis C virus genotype 1a (isolate H77) (HCV) reference strain
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Human astrovirus-1 (HAstV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) reference strain
2 entries
Human coronavirus HKU1 (isolate N5) (HCoV-HKU1) reference strain
2 entries
Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) reference strain
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Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate MAL) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype A (isolate U455) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate ARV2/SF2) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BRU/LAI) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate MN) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate RF/HAT3) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (strain 89.6) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate 92BR025) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate ETH2220) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate ELI) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate 93BR020) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F1 (isolate VI850) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate 90CF056) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate ANT70) (HIV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate BEN) (HIV-2) reference strain
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd) reference strain
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) reference strain
2 entries
Jembrana disease virus (JDV) reference strain
2 entries
Lettuce infectious yellows virus (isolate United States/92) (LIYV) reference strain
2 entries
Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (isolate United Kingdom/H123990006/2012) (MERS-CoV) (Betacoronavirus England 1) reference strain
2 entries
Murine coronavirus (strain 2) (MHV-2) (Murine hepatitis virus) reference strain
2 entries
Murine coronavirus (strain A59) (MHV-A59) (Murine hepatitis virus) reference strain
2 entries
Mycobacterium phage D29 (Mycobacteriophage D29) reference strain
2 entries
Mycobacterium phage L5 (Mycobacteriophage L5) reference strain
2 entries
Pea enation mosaic virus-1 (strain WSG) (PEMV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Poinsettia latent virus (isolate Euphorbia pulcherrima/Germany/Siepen/2005) (PnLV) (Poinsettia cryptic virus) reference strain
2 entries
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain Lelystad) (PRRSV) reference strain
2 entries
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (strain Purdue) (TGEV) reference strain
2 entries
Potato leafroll virus (strain Potato/Scotland/strain 1/1984) (PLrV) reference strain
2 entries
Potato virus Y (strain N) (PVY) reference strain
2 entries
Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A (ScV-L-A) (ScVL1) reference strain
2 entries
Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-BC (ScV-L-BC) (ScVLa) reference strain
1 entry
Semliki forest virus (SFV) reference strain
2 entries
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) reference strain
2 entries
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019-nCoV) (SARS-CoV-2) reference strain
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate CPZ GAB1) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate EK505) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate MB66) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate TAN1) (SIV-cpz) (Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus) reference strain
2 entries
Sindbis virus (SINV) reference strain
2 entries
Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) reference strain
2 entries
Southern bean mosaic virus (isolate Bean/United States/Arkansas) (SBMV) reference strain
2 entries
Southern cowpea mosaic virus (SCPMV) (Southern bean mosaic virus (strain cowpea)) reference strain
2 entries
Soybean mosaic virus (strain N) (SMV) reference strain
2 entries
Turkey astrovirus 1 (TAstV-1) reference strain
2 entries
Turnip mosaic virus (strain Japanese) (TuMV) reference strain
2 entries
Turnip yellows virus (isolate FL-1) (TuYV) (BWYV-FL1) reference strain
2 entries
White bream virus (isolate Blicca bjoerkna L./Germany/DF24/00) (WBV) reference strain
1 entry
Bacillus phage SPP1 (Bacteriophage SPP1) reference strain
1 entry
Barley yellow dwarf virus (isolate MAV) (BYDV) reference strain
1 entry
Barley yellow dwarf virus (isolate PAV) (BYDV) reference strain
1 entry
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (isolate Japan/S) (BNYVV) reference strain
1 entry
Beet yellows virus (isolate Ukraine) (BYV) (Sugar beet yellows virus) reference strain
1 entry
Carnation ringspot virus (isolate Lommel) (CRSV) reference strain
1 entry
Equine arteritis virus (strain Bucyrus) (EAV) reference strain
1 entry
Feline coronavirus (strain FIPV WSU-79/1146) (FCoV) reference strain
1 entry
Groundnut rosette virus (strain MC1) (GRV) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Lee/1940) reference strain
1 entry
Influenza C virus (strain C/Ann Arbor/1/1950) reference strain
1 entry
Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (strain Plagemann) (LDV) reference strain
1 entry
Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) reference strain
1 entry
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) reference strain
3 entries
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Australian) (BLV)
3 entries
Bovine leukemia virus (isolate Japanese BLV-1) (BLV)
3 entries
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Melanesia mel5 subtype C) (HTLV-1)
3 entries
Human T-cell leukemia virus 3 (strain Pyl43) (HTLV-3)
3 entries
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) (Simian Mason-Pfizer virus)
3 entries
Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis virus (Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus) (JSRV)
3 entries
Simian retrovirus SRV-1
3 entries
Simian retrovirus SRV-2
3 entries
Squirrel monkey retrovirus (SMRV-H) (SMRV-HLB)
2 entries
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (strain Beaudette CK) (IBV)
2 entries
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (strain M41) (IBV)
2 entries
Avian nephritis virus 1 (ANV-1)
2 entries
Bat coronavirus 133/2005 (BtCoV) (BtCoV/133/2005)
2 entries
Bat coronavirus 279/2005 (BtCoV) (BtCoV/279/2005)
2 entries
Bat coronavirus 512/2005 (BtCoV) (BtCoV/512/2005)
2 entries
Bat coronavirus HKU3 (BtCoV) (SARS-like coronavirus HKU3)
2 entries
Bat coronavirus Rp3/2004 (BtCoV/Rp3/2004) (SARS-like coronavirus Rp3)
2 entries
Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (strain NL-3) (BCMNV) (Bean common mosaic virus serotype A (strain NL-3))
2 entries
Bean yellow mosaic virus
2 entries
Beet mosaic virus (BtMV)
2 entries
Berne virus (BEV)
2 entries
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2 entries
Bovine coronavirus (strain 98TXSF-110-LUN) (BCoV-LUN) (BCV)
2 entries
Bovine coronavirus (strain Mebus) (BCoV) (BCV)
2 entries
Bovine coronavirus (strain Quebec) (BCoV) (BCV)
2 entries
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (strain R29) (BIV) (Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus)
2 entries
Encephalomyocarditis virus
2 entries
Enterobacteria phage T3 (Bacteriophage T3)
2 entries
Hepatitis C virus genotype 1a (isolate 1) (HCV)
2 entries
Human astrovirus-4 (HAstV-4)
2 entries
Human astrovirus-5 (HAstV-5)
2 entries
Human astrovirus-8 (HAstV-8)
2 entries
Human coronavirus HKU1 (isolate N1) (HCoV-HKU1)
2 entries
Human coronavirus HKU1 (isolate N2) (HCoV-HKU1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH5) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JRCSF) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate LW123) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate NY5) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate OYI) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate YU-2) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate NDK) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype D (isolate Z2/CDC-Z34) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP255) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP257) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate 92NG083) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype G (isolate SE6165) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype H (isolate VI991) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9173) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype J (isolate SE9280) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 96CM-MP535) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 97ZR-EQTB11) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate MVP5180) (HIV-1)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate CAM2) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate D194) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate Ghana-1) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate KR) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate NIH-Z) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ROD) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate SBLISY) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ST) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate D205) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate EHO) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate UC1) (HIV-2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Ann Arbor/6/1960 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Beijing/39/1975 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Brazil/11/1978 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/South Carolina/1/1918 H1N1))
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Brescia/1902 H7N7)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/31.2/2002 H5N1 genotype X1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/715.5/2001 H5N1 genotype E)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/96.1/2002 H5N1 genotype Y)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU22/2002 H5N1 genotype Z)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1/1983 H5N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Scotland/1959 H5N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chicken/Victoria/1/1985 H7N7)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Chile/1/1983 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/China:Nanchang/11/1996 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Czechoslovakia/1956 H4N6)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/England/1/1956 H11N6)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Germany/1949 H10N7)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hokkaido/8/1980 H3N8)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hong Kong/2986.1/2000 H5N1 genotype C)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/England/878/1969 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/London/1416/1973 H7N7)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Equine/Tennessee/5/1986 H3N8)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fort Monmouth/1/1947 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Fowl plague virus/Rostock/8/1934 H7N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Goose/Guangxi/345/2005 H5N1 genotype G)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Grey teal/Australia/2/1979 H4N4)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/38/2002 H5N1 genotype X0)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Maryland/704/1977 H13N6)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Gull/Minnesota/945/1980 H13N6)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Henry/1936 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hickox/1940 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/1/1968 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/156/1997 H5N1 genotype Gs/Gd)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/5/1983 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/India/6263/1980 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Japan/305/1957 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Kitakyushu/159/1993 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Korea/426/1968 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/17/1957 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/1957 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Leningrad/134/47/1957 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Malaysia:Malaya/302/1954 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/New York/6750/1978 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/1/1971 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/101/1972 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/102/1972 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/110/1976 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/18/1978 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/2/1978 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Memphis/4/1980 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/New Zealand:South Canterbury/35/2000 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Northern Territory/60/1968 H3N2) (Influenza A virus (strain NT60)) (Influenza A virus (strain A/NT/60/1968 H3N2))
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Pintail/Alberta/119/1979 H4N6)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Port Chalmers/1/1973 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Qu/7/1970 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Ruddy Turnstone/New Jersey/47/1985 H4N6)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Russia:St.Petersburg/8/2006 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Seal/Massachusetts/1/1980 H7N7)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/SF189/2001 H5N1 genotype A)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/YU100/2002 H5N1 genotype X3)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Singapore/1/1957 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Colorado/1/1977 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Hong Kong/126/1982 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Hong Kong/81/1978 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Tennessee/26/1977 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1961 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Swine/Wisconsin/1/1967 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Tokyo/3/1967 H2N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ireland/1378/1983 H5N8)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/501/1978 H6N8)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Minnesota/833/1980 H4N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Ontario/6118/1968 H8N4)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Turkey/Wisconsin/1/1966 H9N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Albany/12/1951 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Huston/AA/1945 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Iowa/1943 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Memphis/10/1996 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Phila/1935 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USA:Texas/UR06-0195/2007 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/USSR/90/1977 H1N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Udorn/307/1972 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Vietnam/1203/2004 H5N1)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/Wilson-Smith/1933 H1N1) (Influenza A virus (strain A/WS/1933 H1N1))
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain A/X-31 H3N2)
2 entries
Influenza A virus (strain swl A/California/04/2009 H1N1)
2 entries
Japanese encephalitis virus (strain Jaoars982) (JEV)
2 entries
Japanese encephalitis virus (strain M28) (JEV)
2 entries
Japanese encephalitis virus (strain SA(v)) (JEV)
2 entries
Japanese encephalitis virus (strain SA-14) (JEV)
2 entries
Lettuce mosaic virus (strain 0 / isolate French) (LMV)
2 entries
Lettuce mosaic virus (strain E) (LMV)
2 entries
Maedi visna virus (strain 1514 / clone LV1-1KS1) (MVV) (Visna lentivirus)
2 entries
Maedi visna virus (strain 1514 / clone LV1-1KS2) (MVV) (Visna lentivirus)
2 entries
Maedi visna virus (strain 1514) (MVV) (Visna lentivirus)
2 entries
Maedi visna virus (strain KV1772) (MVV) (Visna lentivirus)
2 entries
Mengo encephalomyocarditis virus
2 entries
Mink astrovirus 1 (MAstV-1)
2 entries
Murine coronavirus (strain JHM) (MHV-JHM) (Murine hepatitis virus)
2 entries
Ovine astrovirus 1 (OAstV-1)
2 entries
Papaya ringspot virus (strain P / mutant HA)
2 entries
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (strain DPD1)
2 entries
Peanut mottle virus (strain M)
2 entries
Pepper mottle virus (isolate California) (PeMV) (PepMoV C)
2 entries
Plum pox potyvirus (isolate NAT) (PPV)
2 entries
Plum pox potyvirus (strain D) (PPV)
2 entries
Plum pox potyvirus (strain SK 68) (PPV)
2 entries
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (strain CV777) (PEDV)
2 entries
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate Pig/United States/SD 01-08/2001) (PRRSV)
2 entries
Potato leafroll virus (strain Potato/Netherlands/Wageningen/1989) (PLrV)
2 entries
Potato virus A (PVA)
2 entries
Potato virus Y (strain Hungarian) (PVY)
2 entries
Rous sarcoma virus subgroup B (strain Schmidt-Ruppin) (RSV-SR-B)
2 entries
Rous sarcoma virus subgroup C (strain Prague) (RSV-Pr-C)
1 entry
Semliki forest virus (SFV)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate F236/smH4) (SIV-sm) (Simian immunodeficiency virus sooty mangabey monkey)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate GB1) (SIV-mnd) (Simian immunodeficiency virus mandrill)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate Mm142-83) (SIV-mac) (Simian immunodeficiency virus rhesus monkey)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate Mm251) (SIV-mac) (Simian immunodeficiency virus rhesus monkey)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate PBj14/BCL-3) (SIV-sm) (Simian immunodeficiency virus sooty mangabey monkey)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus agm.grivet (isolate AGM gr-1) (SIV-agm.gri) (Simian immunodeficiency virus African green monkey grivet)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus agm.vervet (isolate AGM TYO-1) (SIV-agm.ver) (Simian immunodeficiency virus African green monkey vervet)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus agm.vervet (isolate AGM155) (SIV-agm.ver) (Simian immunodeficiency virus African green monkey vervet)
2 entries
Simian immunodeficiency virus agm.vervet (isolate AGM3) (SIV-agm.ver) (Simian immunodeficiency virus African green monkey vervet)
2 entries
Soybean mosaic virus (strain G2) (SMV)
2 entries
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (strain GDVII) (TMEV)
2 entries
Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
2 entries
Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV)
2 entries
Turkey astrovirus 2 (TAstV-2)
2 entries
Turnip mosaic virus (strain Quebec) (TuMV)
2 entries
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (strain California) (ZYMV)
2 entries
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (strain Reunion Island) (ZYMV)
2 entries
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (strain Singapore) (ZYMV)
1 entry
Avian leukosis virus (ALV)
1 entry
Barley yellow dwarf virus (isolate P-PAV) (BYDV)
1 entry
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (strain Japan MT-2 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate CDC-451) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JH32) (HIV-1)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/Victoria/3/1975 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza A virus (strain A/wyoming/03/2003 H3N2)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 [cold-adapted])
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Ann Arbor/1/1966 [wild-type])
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Panama/45/1990)
1 entry
Influenza B virus (strain B/Singapore/222/1979)
1 entry
Influenza C virus (strain C/JJ/1950)
1 entry
Influenza C virus (strain C/Johannesburg/1/1966)
1 entry
Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (strain C) (LDV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain 16244B) (PRRSV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain HB-1) (PRRSV)
1 entry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain VR-2332) (PRRSV)
1 entry