Orthopoxvirus (taxid:10242)
VIRION
Enveloped, brick-shaped virion, 250nm long and 200nm wide. The surface membrane displays surface tubules or surface filaments. Two distinct infectious virus particles exists: the intracellular mature virus (IMV) and the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV).
GENOME
Linear, dsDNA genome of 170-250kb. The linear genome is flanked by inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences which form covalently closed hairpin termini at each extremity.
GENE EXPRESSION
ENZYMES
- DNA-directed DNA polymerase [E9L (OPG071)]
- DNA-directed RNA polymerase [E4L (OPG066)]
- Cell-type capping
- RNA TPase [D1R (OPG113)]
- GTase [D1R (OPG113)]
- N7MTase [D1R (OPG113) + D12L (OPG124)]
- 2'O methylase [J3R (OPG102)]
- Core protease (Peptidase C57) [I7 (OPG083)]
- Metalloprotease (Peptidase M44) [G1L (OPG085)]
- Phospholipase [F13 (OPG057)]
REPLICATION
CYTOPLASMIC
- Attachement of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. The virus can be uptaked also by apoptotic mimicry
- Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm.
- Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection.
- Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm.
- Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection.
- Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins.
- Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing an spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV).
- IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV).
Host-virus interaction
Adaptive immune response inhibition
The vaccinia virus A35R localizes to host endosomes and inhibits MHC class II antigen presentation 
.
Apoptosis modulation
Several poxviral proteins are dedicated to the inhibition of host apoptosis. Vaccinia F1L functions both as a suppressor of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and as an inhibitor of caspase-9 .
Autophagy modulation
Vaccinia virus actively disrupts the cellular autophagy through a mechanism that involves aberrant LC3 lipidation and a direct conjugation between ATG12 and ATG3 .
NF-kappa-B modulation
The B14 protein from vaccinia virus functions by binding to the IKK complex via an interaction with IKK-beta and preventing the phosphorylation of IKK-beta on its activation loop. In turn, IKK-beta is not activated and fails to phosphorylate IkB-beta, leaving IkB-beta able to retain NF-kappa-B in the cytoplasm .
Innate immune response inhibition
Poxviruses inhibit the cascade leading to production of interferon-beta by mainly targeting the host IRF3 protein. For instance, vaccinia virus protein C6 inhibits IRF3 activation downstream of TBK1 .
Matching UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)1204 entries grouped by protein
5 entries
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase (3-beta-HSD)
1 entry
Truncated 3-beta hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase homolog
3 entries
Virion membrane protein A16
8 entries
Transcript termination protein A18 (EC 3.6.4.-)
1 entry
DNA polymerase processivity factor component A20
1 entry
Virion membrane protein A21
1 entry
Putative A-type inclusion protein (ATI) (Protein A26)
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein A30.5
1 entry
Truncated protein A35 homolog
1 entry
Protein A37 homolog
2 entries
Protein A37.5 homolog
3 entries
Protein A40
5 entries
Protein A47
5 entries
Protein A49
2 entries
Protein A52
1 entry
Truncated secreted TNF-receptor-like protein A53
1 entry
Truncated secreted TNF-receptor-like protein A53R
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein A56.5
2 entries
Guanylate kinase homolog
6 entries
A-type inclusion protein A25 homolog (ATI)
1 entry
17 kDa A-type inclusion protein
2 entries
7 kDa A-type inclusion protein
1 entry
27 kDa A-type inclusion protein
1 entry
Kelch repeat protein B10
4 entries
Protein B17
1 entry
Ankyrin repeat protein B19
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein B21
1 entry
Truncated ankyrin repeat protein B25
4 entries
Protein C10
1 entry
Protein C13
6 entries
Kelch repeat protein C2
2 entries
Uncharacterized protein C20L
2 entries
Truncated CrmB protein
2 entries
Protein C8
9 entries
Cell surface-binding protein OPG105 (Carbonic anhydrase homolog)
6 entries
Soluble TNF receptor II (Cytokine response-modifying protein B)
1 entry
Scaffold protein D13 (62 kDa protein) (Rifampicin resistance protein)
5 entries
27 kDa core protein
1 entry
mRNA-decapping protein D9 (EC 3.1.3.-)
6 entries
DNA ligase (EC 6.5.1.1) (Polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase
6 entries
DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7)
6 entries
Dual specificity protein phosphatase OPG106 (EC 3.1.3.-) (EC 3.1.3.48) (Late protein H1)
11 entries
Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) (EC 3.6.1.23) (dUTP pyrophosphatase)
7 entries
Early transcription factor 70 kDa subunit (EC 3.6.4.-) (ATP-dependent helicase VETFS) (ETF small subunit) (VETF D6 subunit) (Vaccinia virus early transcription factor small subunit) (VETF small subunit)
7 entries
Early transcription factor 82 kDa subunit (ETF large subunit) (VETF A7 subunit) (Vaccinia virus early transcription factor large subunit) (VETF large subunit)
5 entries
Assembly protein G7
3 entries
Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP)
14 entries
Glutaredoxin-1
13 entries
Glutaredoxin-2
2 entries
Late protein H2
3 entries
Late protein H7
9 entries
Protein OPG185 (Hemagglutinin)
2 entries
Interleukin-18-binding protein (vIL-18BP)
5 entries
Interleukin-1-binding protein (Protein B15)
1 entry
Protein J5
2 entries
Protein K5
2 entries
Protein K6
7 entries
Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 1
4 entries
Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 2
9 entries
Thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21)
4 entries
Pseudokinase OPG198
13 entries
Thymidylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.9) (dTMP kinase)
5 entries
Cap-specific mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.57) (Poly(A) polymerase regulatory subunit) (Poly(A) polymerase small subunit) (PAP-S) (VP39)
11 entries
mRNA-capping enzyme catalytic subunit (Virus termination factor large subunit) (VTF large subunit) (mRNA-capping enzyme 97 kDa subunit) (mRNA-capping enzyme D1 subunit) (mRNA-capping enzyme large subunit)
6 entries
mRNA-capping enzyme regulatory subunit OPG124 (Virus termination factor small subunit) (VTF small subunit) (mRNA-capping enzyme 33 kDa subunit) (mRNA-capping enzyme D12 subunit) (mRNA-capping enzyme small subunit)
7 entries
RNA helicase NPH-II (EC 3.6.4.13) (Nucleoside triphosphatase II) (NTPase II) (Nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase II) (NPH II) (RNA helicase I8)
6 entries
Nucleoside triphosphatase I (EC 3.6.1.15) (Factor X) (NPH-I) (Nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase I) (NPH I)
1 entry
Truncated p28 protein
1 entry
Zinc finger-containing protein P28b
14 entries
Poly(A) polymerase catalytic subunit (EC 2.7.7.19) (Poly(A) polymerase large subunit) (PAP-L)
5 entries
Chemokine-binding protein (vCKBP) (35 kDa protein)
3 entries
Ankyrin repeat protein OPG003
2 entries
Protein OPG005
1 entry
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein OPG015
8 entries
Host range factor p28 (EC 2.3.2.27) (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase p28)
3 entries
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein OPG023 (Host range protein 1)
2 entries
OPG024 protein
3 entries
Ankyrin repeat protein OPG025
9 entries
Interferon antagonist OPG027 (Host range protein 2)
5 entries
IFN signaling evasion protein OPG029
5 entries
Protein OPG030
4 entries
Protein C4
4 entries
Protein OPG034
4 entries
Protein OPG035 (Protein N1)
5 entries
Protein OPG036 (Protein N2)
4 entries
Inhibitor of Apoptosis OPG037 (Ankyrin repeat protein M1)
5 entries
Early protein OPG038 (Protein M2)
5 entries
Truncated interferon antagonist OPG039
5 entries
Superinfection exclusion protein (Protein K2) (Serine proteinase inhibitor 3)
3 entries
Protein K3
3 entries
Virion nicking-joining enzyme (Phospholipase-D-like protein K4)
1 entry
Monoglyceride lipase homolog
4 entries
Protein K7
7 entries
Apoptosis regulator OPG045 (Protein F1)
4 entries
Immune evasion protein OPG047 (Kelch repeat protein)
5 entries
Protein OPG049 (36 kDa major membrane protein F5)
7 entries
Protein OPG050 (Protein F6)
6 entries
Protein OPG051 (Protein F7)
5 entries
Protein OPG052 (Protein F8)
6 entries
EFC-associated protein OPG053 (Protein F9)
6 entries
Protein OPG055 (Protein F11)
7 entries
Protein OPG056 (Protein F12)
7 entries
Envelope phospholipase OPG057 (EC 3.1.1.-) (EC 3.1.4.4) (37 kDa protein) (Envelope phospholipase F13) (Envelope protein F13) (Palmitoylated EV membrane protein) (p37K)
7 entries
Protein OPG058 (Protein F14)
2 entries
Protein OPG059
6 entries
Protein OPG060
6 entries
Protein OPG061 (Protein F16)
6 entries
Phosphoprotein OPG062 (Phosphoprotein F17)
4 entries
Protein OPG064 (Protein E2)
4 entries
RNA-binding protein OPG065 (RNA-binding protein E3) (p25)
6 entries
Protein OPG067 (Protein E5)
5 entries
Protein OPG068 (Protein E6)
4 entries
Protein OPG069 (Protein E7)
5 entries
Protein OPG070 (Protein E8)
5 entries
Probable FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase OPG072 (EC 1.8.3.2) (Probable FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase E10) (EC 1.8.3.2)
5 entries
Core protein OPG073 (Protein E11)
4 entries
Protein OPG074 (Protein O1)
4 entries
Entry-fusion complex protein OPG076 (EFC protein OPG076)
9 entries
Telomere-binding protein OPG077 (Telomere-binding protein I1)
6 entries
Protein OPG078 (Protein I2)
5 entries
Protein OPG079 (Protein I3)
5 entries
Protein OPG081 (Protein I5)
5 entries
Telomere-binding protein OPG082 (Telomere-binding protein I6)
4 entries
Core protease OPG082 (EC 3.4.22.-) (Core protease I7) (EC 3.4.22.-)
7 entries
Metalloendopeptidase OPG085 (EC 3.4.24.-) (Metalloendopeptidase G1)
5 entries
Entry-fusion complex protein OPG086 (EFC protein OPG086) (Protein G3)
5 entries
Late transcription elongation factor OPG087 (Late transcription elongation factor G2) (Protein G2)
5 entries
Putative nuclease OPG089 (EC 3.1.-.-) (Putative nuclease G5)
5 entries
Protein OPG091 (Uncharacterized protein G6)
7 entries
Entry-fusion complex protein OPG094 (EFC protein OPG094) (Myristoylated protein G9)
6 entries
Entry-fusion complex associated protein OPG095 (EFC-associated protein OPG095) (Protein L1) (Virion membrane protein M25)
6 entries
Protein OPG096 (Protein L2)
5 entries
Protein OPG097 (Protein L3)
6 entries
Entry-fusion complex protein OPG094 (EFC protein OPG094) (Protein L5)
4 entries
Virion assembly protein OPG100 (Protein J1)
4 entries
Protein OPG104 (Protein J5)
4 entries
Late protein H2
4 entries
Envelope protein H3 (Ag35) (Virion envelope protein p35)
4 entries
Late transcription elongation factor OPG110 (Viral late gene transcription factor 4) (VLTF-4)
5 entries
Late protein OPG112
5 entries
Core protein D2
5 entries
Core protein OPG115 (27 kDa virion core protein)
5 entries
Uncoating factor OPG117 (EC 3.6.4.-)
4 entries
mRNA-decapping protein OPG121 (EC 3.1.3.-)
4 entries
mRNA-decapping protein OPG122 (EC 3.1.3.-)
6 entries
Scaffold protein OPG125 (62 kDa protein) (Rifampicin resistance protein)
4 entries
Protein OPG128
5 entries
Major core protein OPG129 (Virion core protein 4b) (p4b)
5 entries
39kDa core protein OPG130 (p39) (Protein A4)
5 entries
Virion morphogenesis protein OPG132
5 entries
Virion membrane protein OPG135
5 entries
Major core protein OPG136 precursor (p4a) (Virion core protein 4a precursor)
6 entries
Protein OPG137
6 entries
25 kDa core protein OPG138
5 entries
Virion membrane protein OPG139
5 entries
Virion membrane protein OPG140
4 entries
Virion membrane protein OPG141
6 entries
Core protein OPG142
4 entries
Virion membrane protein OPG143
5 entries
Virion membrane protein OPG144 precursor (23 kDa late protein)
5 entries
Transcript termination protein OPG145 (EC 3.6.4.-) (56 kDa abortive late protein)
5 entries
Protein OPG146
5 entries
Virion membrane protein OPG147
5 entries
DNA polymerase processivity factor component OPG148
3 entries
Envelop protein OPG153
4 entries
Protein OPG154
12 entries
Envelope protein OPG155
5 entries
Protein OPG157
5 entries
Protein OPG159
5 entries
DNA packaging protein OPG160
5 entries
Protein OPG161
4 entries
Protein OPG162
3 entries
Protein OPG163
4 entries
Protein OPG164
3 entries
Protein OPG165
5 entries
Protein OPG166
4 entries
Protein OPG170
5 entries
Protein A43
2 entries
Protein OPG173
4 entries
Protein OPG176
6 entries
Protein OPG181
5 entries
B1 kinase (Serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) (EC 2.7.11.1) (Vaccinia protein kinase 1)
5 entries
Ankyrin repeat protein OPG189
7 entries
Protein OPG190 (Plaque-size/host range protein)
3 entries
Protein OPG191
3 entries
Protein OPG192
3 entries
Soluble interferon gamma receptor OPG193 (B8)
3 entries
Protein OPG195
3 entries
Protein OPG197
5 entries
Protein OPG200
6 entries
Soluble interferon alpha/beta receptor OPG204 (S antigen)
2 entries
Protein OPG209
6 entries
Poxin-Schlafen (EC 3.1.-.-)
14 entries
Profilin
6 entries
RNA polymerase-associated transcription-specificity factor RAP94 (Protein H4) (RPO-associated protein of 94 kDa)
6 entries
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (EC 1.17.4.1) (Ribonucleotide reductase large subunit) (Ribonucleotide reductase subunit 1) (RNR1)
7 entries
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain (EC 1.17.4.1) (Ribonucleotide reductase small subunit) (Ribonucleotide reductase subunit 2) (RNR2)
7 entries
DNA-directed RNA polymerase 7 kDa subunit (EC 2.7.7.6)
14 entries
DNA-directed RNA polymerase 132 kDa polypeptide (EC 2.7.7.6)
6 entries
DNA-directed RNA polymerase 147 kDa polypeptide (EC 2.7.7.6)
6 entries
DNA-directed RNA polymerase 18 kDa subunit (EC 2.7.7.6)
5 entries
DNA-directed RNA polymerase 19 kDa subunit (EC 2.7.7.6)
4 entries
DNA-directed RNA polymerase 22 kDa subunit (EC 2.7.7.6)
5 entries
DNA-directed RNA polymerase 30 kDa polypeptide (EC 2.7.7.6)
7 entries
DNA-directed RNA polymerase 35 kDa subunit (EC 2.7.7.6)
6 entries
Resolvase OPG149 (EC 3.1.-.-)
4 entries
Semaphorin-like protein A39
1 entry
Semaphorin-like protein VACWR164
2 entries
Schlafen-like protein (Protein B3)
16 entries
Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase-like protein
7 entries
Serine proteinase inhibitor 1 (Serp-1) (Serpin-1)
6 entries
Serine proteinase inhibitor 2 (Serp-2) (Serpin-2)
1 entry
Putative serine proteinase inhibitor 2 homolog first part
1 entry
Putative serine proteinase inhibitor 2 homolog second part
1 entry
Truncated Cytokine response-modifying protein B
5 entries
DNA topoisomerase 1B (TopIB) (EC 5.6.2.1) (DNA topoisomerase I) (Late protein H6)
6 entries
Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) (EC 3.2.2.27)
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein 16
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein 17
1 entry
Ankyrin repeat protein 14
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein VACWR204.5
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein VACWR003
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein VACWR005
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein VACWR006
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein VACWR201
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein VACWR202
1 entry
Ankyrin repeat protein VACWR203
2 entries
Protein A54
1 entry
Truncated plaque-size/host range protein (Protein B5)
4 entries
Kelch repeat protein B10
4 entries
Ankyrin repeat protein B18
1 entry
Protein B20
2 entries
Kelch repeat protein C2
1 entry
Protein C14
1 entry
Protein C15/B21
1 entry
Ankyrin repeat protein C17/B23
1 entry
Ankyrin repeat protein C18/B24
1 entry
Protein C21/B27
2 entries
Complement control protein C3 (28 kDa protein) (Secretory protein 35) (Protein C3) (VCP)
1 entry
Ankyrin repeat protein D4L/I2R
1 entry
14 kDa fusion protein
11 entries
Pro-vaccinia growth factor (Pro-VGF)
1 entry
Probable host range protein 2
5 entries
Intermediate transcription factor 3 large subunit (VITF-3 45 kDa subunit)
4 entries
Late transcription factor 1 (VLTF-1) (Trans-activator protein GK1)
6 entries
Viral late gene transcription factor 2 (VLTF-2) (Trans-activator protein A1)
6 entries
Viral late gene transcription factor 3 (VLTF-3) (Trans-activator protein A2)
5 entries
Core protein VP8 (25 kDa major core protein) (L4 core protein) (P25K)
7 entries
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1) (Vaccinia protein kinase 2)
7 entries
Intermediate transcription factor 3 large subunit (VITF-3 45 kDa subunit)
6 entries
Intermediate transcription factor 3 small subunit (VITF-3 32 kDa subunit) (VITF-3 small subunit)
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein 15
1 entry
Uncharacterized protein 36
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.4 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.5 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 14.1 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 10.7 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 14.4 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.8 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 18.2 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.4 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.3 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 14.5 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.2 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.5 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 9.9 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 8.6 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.5 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.6 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.5 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 7.5 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 8.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.8 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 11.8 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 10.8 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 7.8 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 10.5 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.4 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 11.2 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.4 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.6 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.0 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.4 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.2 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.2 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 7.0 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 8.6 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 9.2 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 8.5 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 7.3 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 7.9 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 9.3 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 7.7 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 10.4 kDa protein
2 entries
Uncharacterized 7.2 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.5 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.6 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 11.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.0 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.6 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.6 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 12.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.1 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.3 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 11.6 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.9 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 7.8 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.8 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 14.3 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.4 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 8.1 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.3 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.4 kDa protein
1 entry
Uncharacterized 9.0 kDa protein
Cowpox virus taxid:10243
Cowpox virus (strain Brighton Red) taxid:265872
Horsepox virus taxid:397342
Raccoon poxvirus taxid:10256
Vaccinia virus taxid:10245
Vaccinia virus (strain Ankara) taxid:126794
Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) taxid:10249
| Protein | ModelArchive |
| Protein OPG157 | ma-jd-viral-44671 |
| Scaffold protein OPG125 (62 kDa protein) (Rifampicin resistance protein) | ma-jd-viral-18034 |
Vaccinia virus (strain L-IVP) taxid:31531
Vaccinia virus (strain Tian Tan) taxid:10253
| Protein | ModelArchive |
| Phosphoprotein OPG062 (Phosphoprotein F17) | ma-jd-viral-63871 |