Virus
|
Family
|
|
virion
|
Host
|
function
|
Viral protein
|
Receptor
|
Type
|
Host expression
|
Virus tropism
|
entry mode
|
Canine distemper virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Dogs |
Entry |
Hemagglutinin |
Nectin 4 (PVRL4) |
Adhesion molecule |
adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons |
lymphoid, epithelial, and nervous tissues |
? |
Canine distemper virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Dogs |
Entry |
Hemagglutinin |
SLAMF1 |
Receptor |
Lymphocytes |
lymphoid, epithelial, and nervous tissues |
? |
Ebolavirus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein |
DC-SIGN |
Lectin |
Dendritic cells |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Ebolavirus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein |
CLEC4G (LSECtin) |
Lectin |
Dendritic cells, macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and lymph node |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Ebolavirus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Entry |
virion membrane phosphatidylserine |
HAVCR1(TIM1) |
Receptor |
Dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, mast cells, B lymphocytes, activated CD4+ cells, kidney, hepatocytes |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Ebolavirus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Entry |
virion membrane phosphatidylserine |
Tyro3 (TAM family) |
Receptor |
brain? |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Ebolavirus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Entry |
virion membrane phosphatidylserine |
AXL (TAM family) |
Receptor |
Dendritic cells, macrophages? |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Ebolavirus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein |
CLEC4M(L-SIGN) |
Lectin |
liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Ebolavirus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Entry in endosome |
Glycoprotein |
NPC1 |
Receptor |
Mainly macrophages, dendritic cells, and adrenal gland |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Marburg virus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein |
DC-SIGN |
Lectin |
Dendritic cells |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Marburg virus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein |
CLEC4M(L-SIGN) |
Lectin |
liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Marburg virus |
Filoviridae, Filovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, mammals, human |
Entry |
virion membrane phosphatidylserine |
HAVCR1(TIM1) |
Receptor |
Dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, mast cells, B lymphocytes, activated CD4+ cells, kidney, hepatocytes |
Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: endothelial and epithelial cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Hantaan virus |
Bunyaviridae, Hantavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Entry |
Glycoprotein G |
Integrin β3 |
Adhesion molecule |
? |
? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Uukuniemi virus |
Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Mosquitoes, cattle, Human |
Entry |
Envelope glycoprotein |
DC-SIGN |
Lectin |
Dendritic cells |
Primary: dendritic cells |
? |
Rift fever valley virus |
Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Mosquitoes, cattle, Human |
Entry |
Envelope glycoprotein |
DC-SIGN |
Lectin |
Dendritic cells |
Primary: dendritic cells |
? |
Human Influenza A virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, Swine |
Entry |
HA |
CACNA1C (Cav1.2) |
|
Lung, Muscle, Brain, Kidney, Gastrointestinal tract. |
epithelial airway cells, myotubes? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion] |
Human Influenza A virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, Swine |
Entry |
HA |
Langerin
CD207
|
Lectin |
Langerhans cells and immature dendritic cells in skin or mucosa |
epithelial airway cells, myotubes? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion] |
Human Influenza A virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, Swine |
Entry |
HA |
NeuAc alpha 2,6 Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
epithelial airway cells |
epithelial airway cells, myotubes? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion] |
Human Influenza A virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, Swine |
Adhesion |
HA |
DC-SIGN |
Lectin |
Dendritic cells |
epithelial airway cells, myotubes? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion] |
Human Influenza A virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, Swine |
Adhesion |
HA |
CLEC4M(L-SIGN) |
Lectin |
liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node |
epithelial airway cells, myotubes? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion] |
Avian Influenza A virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Birds, Swine, flies? |
Adhesion |
HA |
DC-SIGN |
Lectin |
Dendritic cells |
epithelial gastrointestinal cells, myotubes |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion] |
Avian Influenza A virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Birds, Swine, flies? |
Adhesion |
HA |
CLEC4M(L-SIGN) |
Lectin |
liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node |
epithelial gastrointestinal cells, myotubes |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion] |
Avian Influenza A virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Birds, Swine, flies?
| Entry |
HA |
NeuGc alpha 2,3 Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
Respiratory and gastrointestinal tract |
epithelial gastrointestinal cells, myotubes? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion] |
Influenza B virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza B virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, seals |
Entry |
HA |
alpha 2,6Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
? |
epithelial airway cells |
? |
Influenza C virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza C virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, swine |
Entry |
HE |
(alpha 2,3 or 2,6) 9-O-acetylated Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
? |
? |
|
Bovine Influenza D virus |
Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza D virus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, Swine |
Entry |
HEF |
Neu5,9Ac2 Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
epithelial airway cells |
epithelial airway cells |
? |
Guanarito virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodent, human |
Entry |
Glycoprotein complex |
Transferin receptor (TFRC) |
Receptor |
Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes |
Vascular system, multiple organs |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Junin virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodent, human |
Entry |
Glycoprotein complex |
Transferin receptor (TFRC) |
Receptor |
Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes |
macrophages |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Human metapneumovirus |
Paramyxoviridae, metapneumovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein |
Glycosaminoglycans |
polysaccharide |
? |
epithelial cells of lung |
? |
Human metapneumovirus |
Paramyxoviridae, metapneumovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Adhesion |
Fusion protein |
Heparan sulfate |
Polysaccharide |
? |
epithelial cells of lung |
? |
Human metapneumovirus |
Paramyxoviridae, metapneumovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Entry |
Fusion protein |
integrin α5β3? |
Adhesion molecule |
? |
epithelial cells of lung |
? |
Human parainfluenza 1 |
Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Entry |
HN |
alpha 2,3 Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
? |
trachea epithelial cells |
? |
Human parainfluenza 3 |
Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Adhesion |
HN |
Heparan sulfate |
Polysaccharide |
|
lower respiratory epithelial cells |
? |
Human parainfluenza 3 |
Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Entry |
HN |
alpha2,6 and 2,3 Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
|
lower respiratory epithelial cells |
? |
Lassa virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein complex |
DC-SIGN |
lectin |
Dendritic cells |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lassa virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein complex |
CLEC4G (LSECtin) |
lectin |
Dendritic cells, macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and lymph node |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lassa virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Adhesion |
virion membrane phosphatidylserine |
Tyro3 (TAM family) |
Receptor |
brain? |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lassa virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Adhesion |
virion membrane phosphatidylserine |
AXL (TAM family) |
Receptor |
Dendritic cells, macrophages? |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lassa virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Adhesion |
Glycoprotein complex |
LAMP1 (CD107a) |
|
At cell surface: Dendritic cells, NK cells, Activated T lymphocytes, Embryonic cells In lysosomes: Ubiquitous |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lassa virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Entry? |
Glycoprotein complex |
α-dystroglycan |
Adhesion molecule |
Muscle, skin, and many tissues |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Entry? |
Glycoprotein complex |
α-dystroglycan |
Adhesion molecule |
Muscle, skin, and many tissues |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Entry? |
Glycoprotein complex |
CLEC4G (LSECtin) |
lectin |
Dendritic cells, macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and lymph node |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Entry? |
virion membrane phosphatidylserine |
Tyro3 (TAM family) |
Receptor |
brain? |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents, Human |
Entry? |
virion membrane phosphatidylserine |
AXL (TAM family) |
Receptor |
Dendritic cells, macrophages? |
Dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis? |
Machupo virus |
Arenaviridae, Arenavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodent, Human |
Entry |
Glycoprotein complex |
Transferin receptor (TFRC) |
Receptor |
Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes |
? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Measles virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Adhesion |
Hemagglutinin |
DC-SIGN |
lectin |
Dendritic cells |
Primary: Dendritic cells, secondary:lymphocytes and neurons, tertiary:airway epithelial cells |
Fusion with host cell membrane |
Measles virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Entry |
Hemagglutinin |
SLAMF1 |
Receptor |
Lymphocytes |
Primary: Dendritic cells, secondary:lymphocytes and neurons, tertiary:airway epithelial cells |
Fusion with host cell membrane |
Measles virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Entry |
Hemagglutinin |
Nectin 4 (PVRL4) |
Adhesion molecule |
adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons |
Primary: Dendritic cells, secondary:lymphocytes and neurons, tertiary:airway epithelial cells |
Fusion with host cell membrane |
Cultured Measles virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Cell culture |
Entry |
Hemagglutinin |
CD46 |
Complement receptor |
|
airway epithelial cells, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, neurons |
Fusion with host cell membrane |
Nipah virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, Human |
Entry |
Glycoprotein G |
EFNB2 |
Receptor |
endothelial cells and neurons |
endothelial cells and neurons |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Nipah virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, Human |
Entry |
Glycoprotein G |
EFNB3 |
Receptor |
neurons |
endothelial cells and neurons |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Hendra virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, Horse, Human |
Entry |
Glycoprotein G |
EFNB2 |
Receptor |
endothelial cells and neurons |
endothelial cells and neurons |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Hendra virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bats, Horse, Human |
Entry |
Glycoprotein G |
EFNB3 |
Receptor |
neurons |
endothelial cells and neurons |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Newcastle disease virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Avulavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Chicken |
Adhesion |
HN |
2,3 and 2,6 Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
? |
gastrointestinal tract, lungs, brain, spleen, liver, and kidneys |
? |
Rabies virus |
Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, mammals |
Entry |
Glycoprotein G |
nAChR? |
Receptor |
neurons |
neurons, salivary glands |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Rabies virus |
Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human, mammals |
Entry |
Glycoprotein G |
NCAM1 |
Adhesion molecule |
neurons, glia, skeletal muscle and natural killer cells |
neurons, salivary glands |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Respiratory syncytial virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Pneumovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Adhesion |
Major surface glycoprotein G |
DC-SIGN |
Lectin |
Dendritic cells |
primary: upper respiratory epithelium secondary: lower respiratory epithelium, alveolar macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Respiratory syncytial virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Pneumovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Human |
Adhesion |
Major surface glycoprotein G |
Heparan sulfate |
Polysaccharide |
? |
primary: upper respiratory epithelium secondary: lower respiratory epithelium, alveolar macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells |
Macropinocytosis |
Rinderpest virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Bovine, ovine, swine |
Entry |
Hemagglutinin |
SLAMF1 |
Receptor |
Lymphocytes |
lymphocytes |
? |
Sendai virus |
Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Rodents |
Entry |
Hemagglutinin |
Sialic acids |
Carbohydrate |
? |
epithelium airway cells |
Fusion with host cell membrane? or endocytosis? |
Vesicular stomatitis virus |
Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus |
ss-RNA |
Env |
Mammals |
Entry |
Glycoprotein |
LDLR family |
Receptor |
adrenal gland, Liver, lung, gastroinstestinal tract |
? |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Activation of EGFR on monocytes is required for human cytomegalovirus entry and mediates cellular motility
Gary Chan, Maciej T. Nogalski, Andrew D. Yurochko
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. December 29, 2009; 106: 22369?22374
Influenza entry pathways in polarized MDCK cells
Yueting Zhang, Gary R. Whittaker
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. July 18, 2014; 450: 234?239
Fusion of Sendai virus and individual host cells and inhibition of fusion by lipophosphoglycan measured with image correlation spectroscopy
B. J. Rasmusson, T. D. Flanagan, S. J. Turco, R. M. Epand, N. O. Petersen
Biochim. Biophys. Acta September 16, 1998; 1404: 338?352
Respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein G interacts with DC-SIGN and L-SIGN to activate ERK1 and ERK2
Teresa R. Johnson, Jason S. McLellan, Barney S. Graham
J. Virol. February 2012; 86: 1339?1347
The C-type Lectin Langerin Functions as a Receptor for Attachment and Infectious Entry of Influenza A Virus
Wy Ching Ng, Sarah L. Londrigan, Najla Nasr, Anthony L. Cunningham, Stuart Turville, Andrew G. Brooks, Patrick C. Reading
J. Virol. 2015; 90: 206?221
A Sialylated Voltage-Dependent Ca(2+) Channel Binds Hemagglutinin and Mediates Influenza A Virus Entry into Mammalian Cells.
Fujioka Y, Nishide S, Ose T, Suzuki T, Kato I, Fukuhara H, Fujioka M, Horiuchi
K, Satoh AO, Nepal P, Kashiwagi S, Wang J, Horiguchi M, Sato Y, Paudel S, Nanbo
A, Miyazaki T, Hasegawa H, Maenaka K, Ohba Y.
Cell Host Microbe. 2018 Jun 13;23(6):809-818
Activation of EGFR on monocytes is required for human cytomegalovirus entry and mediates cellular motility
Gary Chan, Maciej T. Nogalski, Andrew D. Yurochko
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. December 29, 2009; 106: 22369?22374
Influenza entry pathways in polarized MDCK cells
Yueting Zhang, Gary R. Whittaker
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. July 18, 2014; 450: 234?239
Fusion of Sendai virus and individual host cells and inhibition of fusion by lipophosphoglycan measured with image correlation spectroscopy
B. J. Rasmusson, T. D. Flanagan, S. J. Turco, R. M. Epand, N. O. Petersen
Biochim. Biophys. Acta September 16, 1998; 1404: 338?352
Respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein G interacts with DC-SIGN and L-SIGN to activate ERK1 and ERK2
Teresa R. Johnson, Jason S. McLellan, Barney S. Graham
J. Virol. February 2012; 86: 1339?1347
The C-type Lectin Langerin Functions as a Receptor for Attachment and Infectious Entry of Influenza A Virus
Wy Ching Ng, Sarah L. Londrigan, Najla Nasr, Anthony L. Cunningham, Stuart Turville, Andrew G. Brooks, Patrick C. Reading
J. Virol. 2015; 90: 206?221
A Sialylated Voltage-Dependent Ca(2+) Channel Binds Hemagglutinin and Mediates Influenza A Virus Entry into Mammalian Cells.
Fujioka Y, Nishide S, Ose T, Suzuki T, Kato I, Fukuhara H, Fujioka M, Horiuchi
K, Satoh AO, Nepal P, Kashiwagi S, Wang J, Horiguchi M, Sato Y, Paudel S, Nanbo
A, Miyazaki T, Hasegawa H, Maenaka K, Ohba Y.
Cell Host Microbe. 2018 Jun 13;23(6):809-818
Role of heparan sulfate in human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection
Santanu Bose, Amiya K. Banerjee
Virology June 20, 2002; 298: 73?83
LDL receptor and its family members serve as the cellular receptors for vesicular stomatitis virus
Danit Finkelshtein, Ariel Werman, Daniela Novick, Sara Barak, Menachem Rubinstein
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. April 30, 2013; 110: 7306?7311
N-linked glycosylation facilitates sialic acid-independent attachment and entry of influenza A viruses into cells expressing DC-SIGN or L-SIGN
Sarah L Londrigan, Stuart G Turville, Michelle D Tate, Yi-Mo Deng, Andrew G Brooks, Patrick C Reading
J. Virol. March 2011; 85: 2990?3000
Different cell-surface receptor determinants of antigenically similar influenza virus hemagglutinins
S M Carroll, H H Higa, J C Paulson
J. Biol. Chem. August 25, 1981; 256: 8357?8363
Involvement of annexin V in the entry of influenza viruses and role of phospholipids in infection
R T Huang, B Lichtenberg, O Rick
FEBS Lett. August 19, 1996; 392: 59?62
6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X is the common receptor determinant recognized by H5, H6, H7 and H9 influenza viruses of terrestrial poultry
Alexandra S Gambaryan, Alexander B Tuzikov, Galina V Pazynina, Julia A Desheva, Nicolai V Bovin, Mikhail N Matrosovich, Alexander I Klimov
Virol. J. 2008; 5: 85
Changes of the receptor-binding properties of influenza B virus B/Victoria/504/2000 during adaptation in chicken eggs
Vladimir Y Lugovtsev, David F Smith, Jerry P Weir
Virology November 25, 2009; 394: 218?226
Influenza C virus uses 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid as a high affinity receptor determinant for attachment to cells
G N Rogers, G Herrler, J C Paulson, H D Klenk
J. Biol. Chem. May 5, 1986; 261: 5947?5951
Receptor determinants of zoonotic transmission of New World hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses
Sheli R Radoshitzky, Jens H Kuhn, Christina F Spiropoulou, C?sar G Albari?o, Dan P Nguyen, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Tatyana Dorfman, Amy S Lee, Enxiu Wang, Susan R Ross, Hyeryun Choe, Michael Farzan
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. February 19, 2008; 105: 2664?2669
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) binding and infection are mediated by interactions between the HMPV fusion protein and heparan sulfate
Andres Chang, Cyril Masante, Ursula J Buchholz, Rebecca Ellis Dutch
J. Virol. March 2012; 86: 3230?3243
Roles of the putative integrin-binding motif of the human metapneumovirus fusion (f) protein in cell-cell fusion, viral infectivity, and pathogenesis
Yongwei Wei, Yu Zhang, Hui Cai, Anne M Mirza, Ronald M Iorio, Mark E Peeples, Stefan Niewiesk, Jianrong Li
J. Virol. April 2014; 88: 4338?4352
Receptor binding and cell entry of Old World arenaviruses reveal novel aspects of virus-host interaction
Stefan Kunz
Virology May 10, 2009; 387: 245?249
Role of DC-SIGN in Lassa virus entry into human dendritic cells
Ana-Rita Goncalves, Marie-Laurence Moraz, Antonella Pasquato, Ari Helenius, Pierre-Yves Lozach, Stefan Kunz
J. Virol. November 2013; 87: 11504?11515
Ligand binding determines whether CD46 is internalized by clathrin-coated pits or macropinocytosis
Blessing Crimeen-Irwin, Sarah Ellis, Dale Christiansen, Mandy J. Ludford-Menting, Julie Milland, Marc Lanteri, Bruce E. Loveland, Denis Gerlier, Sarah M. Russell
J. Biol. Chem. November 21, 2003; 278: 46927?46937
Human membrane cofactor protein (CD46) acts as a cellular receptor for measles virus
D Naniche, G Varior-Krishnan, F Cervoni, T F Wild, B Rossi, C Rabourdin-Combe, D Gerlier
J. Virol. October 1993; 67: 6025?6032
SLAM (CDw150) is a cellular receptor for measles virus
H Tatsuo, N Ono, K Tanaka, Y Yanagi
Nature August 24, 2000; 406: 893?897
EphrinB2 is the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus
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