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Virus receptors table

Updated: 30.01.2024; 281 entries

This table lists virus receptors published and having a valid role in vivo.
The receptors function have been classified as adhesion or entry receptors. The Type indicates the general class of molecule bound by the virus: transporter, polysaccharide, lectin,.. Host expression indicates the tissue expressing the receptor in Host, data mostly recovered in Human Protein Atlas. Virus tropism indicates the tissues actually infected by the virus in vivo, as described in the litterature. Entry mode indicates the way the virus cross host cell membrane according to ViralZone data.
Proteins or biological compounds names are linked to wikipedia, the icon links to UniProtKB, the logo links to Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and the logo links to PubMed

Virus Family virion Host function Viral protein Receptor Type Host expression Virus tropism entry mode
Bacteriophage Mu Myoviridae, "Mulikevirus":/preview_by_species/507 dsDNA Non-env Bacteria Adhesion Tail fiber protein S
, Q9T1V0		 Polysaccharide part ofLPS Carbohydrate NA NA "Viral genome ejection through host cell envelope":/preview_by_species/986
Human JC polyomavirus Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Human Adhesion VP1
, P03089		 lactoseries tetrasaccharide C (LSTc) Carbohydrate ? oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, B lymphocytes, and kidney epithelial cells Clat.
Human JC polyomavirus Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry VP1
, P03089		 Serotonin Receptor
, P28223		 Receptor Neurons in central nervous system oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, B lymphocytes, and kidney epithelial cells Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
BK virus Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Human Adhesion VP1
, P03088		 Sialic acids Carbohydrate ? Salivary gland cells? kidney epithelial cells? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
BK virus Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry VP1
, P03088		 Ganglioside GD1b
, CHEBI:28175		 Glycosphingolipid Neurons, Ubiquitous Salivary gland cells? kidney epithelial cells? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
BK virus Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry VP1
, P03088		 Ganglioside GT1b
, CHEBI:60913		 Glycosphingolipid Neurons, Ubiquitous Salivary gland cells? kidney epithelial cells? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Mouse polyomavirus mPy Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Rodent Attachement VP1
, P03090		 Sialic acids Carbohydrate ? ? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Mouse polyomavirus mPy Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Rodent Entry VP1
, P03090		 Ganglioside GD1a
, CHEBI:18163		 Glycosphingolipid Neurons, Ubiquitous ? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Mouse polyomavirus mPy Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Rodent Entry VP1
, P03090		 Ganglioside GT1b
, CHEBI:60913		 Glycosphingolipid Neurons, Ubiquitous ? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Merkel cell polyomavirus Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Entry VP1
, B6DVZ3		 Ganglioside GT1b
, CHEBI:60913		 Glycosphingolipid Neurons, Ubiquitous Skin, respiratory and gastro intestinal epitheliums Lipid-mediated endocytosis
Simian virus 40 Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus dsDNA Non-env Monkeys Entry VP1
, P03087		 Ganglioside GM1
, CHEBI:61048		 Glycosphingolipid Neurons, Ubiquitous ? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Human papillomavirus 16 Papillomaviridae, Alphapapillomavirus dsDNA Non-env Human entry capsid protein L1
, P03101		 Integrin α6, P23229 Adhesion molecule Bronchial epithelial cells Genital mucosa Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpesviridae Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein B/C
, AP10228, AP10211		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? neurons, epithelial mucosal cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpesviridae Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion ? DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells neurons, epithelial mucosal cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpesviridae Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein D
, Q69091		 Nectin 1(PVRL1)
, Q15223		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse ofneurons neurons, epithelial mucosal cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpesviridae Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein D
, Q69091		 Nectin 2 (PVRL2)
, Q92692		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons neurons, epithelial mucosal cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpesviridae Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein D
, Q69091		 TNFRSF14 (HVEM)
, Q92956		 Receptor Lymphocytes, monocytes neurons, epithelial mucosal cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpesviridae Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein H/L
, P06477, P10185		 Integrin αV β6
, P06756, P18564		 Adhesion molecule ? neurons, epithelial mucosal cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 2 Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein B/C, P08666, Q89730 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815 		Carbohydrate ? epithelial mucosal cells of genital area, latency in sacral ganglion (neurons) Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 2 Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein D, Q69467 TNFRSF14 (HVEM), Q92956 Receptor Lymphocytes, monocytes epithelial mucosal cells of genital area, latency in sacral ganglion (neurons) Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 2 Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein D, Q69467 Nectin 1(PVRL1)
, Q15223		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons epithelial mucosal cells of genital area, latency in sacral ganglion (neurons) Fusion with host cell membrane
Herpes simplex virus type 2 Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein D, Q69467 Nectin 2 (PVRL2)
, Q92692		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons epithelial mucosal cells of genital area, latency in sacral ganglion (neurons) Fusion with host cell membrane
Varicella-zoster virus (HHV-3) Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein B, P09257 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? Starts in upper respiratory tract or conjunctival mucosal cell, then T lymphoid cells, reaching liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract. latency in sensory ganglia Fusion with host cell membrane
Varicella-zoster virus (HHV-3) Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E, P09259 Insulinase (IDE), P14735 Peptidase neurons Starts in upper respiratory tract or conjunctival mucosal cell, then T lymphoid cells, reaching liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract. latency in neurons Fusion with host cell membrane
Equine herpesvirus-1 Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Horses Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein B/C
, Q6DLH8, Q6S6Q5		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? epithelium and macrophages in respiratory tract, central nervous system, adrenal and thyroid glands Fusion with host cell membrane
Equine herpesvirus-1 Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Horses Entry Envelope glycoprotein D
, P22484		 HLA610718 MHC-I ? epithelium and macrophages in respiratory tract, central nervous system, adrenal and thyroid glands Fusion with host cell membrane
Equine herpesvirus-1 Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Horses Entry Envelope glycoprotein H
, P68330		 Integrin α4 β1
, F6ZZX8		 Adhesion molecule Leukocytes epithelium and macrophages in respiratory tract, central nervous system, adrenal and thyroid glands Fusion with host cell membrane
Equine herpesvirus-4 Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Horses Entry Envelope glycoprotein D
, O39308		 MHC class I (HLA)
, Q30488		 MHC-I ? epithelium and macrophages in respiratory tract, central nervous system, adrenal and thyroid glands Fusion with host cell membrane
Bovine herpesvirus Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Bovine Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein B/C
, P12640
, P14378		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? neurons Fusion with host cell membrane
Bovine herpesvirus Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Bovine Entry Envelope glycoprotein D
, P24906		 Poliovirus receptor (PVR)
, P15151616127		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons neurons Fusion with host cell membrane
Bovine herpesvirus Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Bovine Entry Envelope glycoprotein D
, P24906		 Nectin 1 (PVRL1)
, F1MQJ3		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons neurons Fusion with host cell membrane
Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) Herpesviridae, Lymphocryptovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein gp350
, Q777F0		 CR1
, P17927		 Complement regulator erythrocytes, lymphocytes, glomerular podocytes, and dendritic cells B lymphocytes, oral epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) Herpesviridae, Lymphocryptovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein gp350
, Q777F0		 CR2
, P20023		 Complement regulator erythrocytes, lymphocytes, glomerular podocytes, and dendritic cells B lymphocytes, oral epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) Herpesviridae, Lymphocryptovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gp42
, P03205		 HLA-DRB1
, P01911		 MHC-I B lymphocytes B lymphocytes, oral epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) Herpesviridae, Lymphocryptovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein BMRF2
, P03192		 Integrin β1
, P05556		 Adhesion molecule Beta1: Salivary gland? B lymphocytes, oral epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Human cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Herpesviridae, Cytomegalovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein gH/gL
, P12824, P16832		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and megacaryocyte Fusion with host cell membrane
Human cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Herpesviridae, Cytomegalovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein gB
, P06473		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and megacaryocyte Fusion with host cell membrane
Human cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Herpesviridae, Cytomegalovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein gB
, P06473		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3 		Lectin Liver sinusoidal cells and lymph nodes Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and megacaryocyte Fusion with host cell membrane
Human cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Herpesviridae, Cytomegalovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gH/gL
, P12824, P16832		 Integrin αV β3
, P06756, P05106		 Adhesion molecule Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and megacaryocyte Fusion with host cell membrane
Human cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Herpesviridae, Cytomegalovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gB
, P06473		 Integrin β1
, P05556, P05106		 Adhesion molecule Beta1: Salivary gland? Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and megacaryocyte Fusion with host cell membrane
Human cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Herpesviridae, Cytomegalovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gB
, P06473		 EGFR
, P00533		 Adhesion molecule Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and megacaryocyte Fusion with host cell membrane
Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) Herpesviridae, Roseolovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gQ1/gQ2
, Q69572, P0DOE0		 CD46
, P15529		 Receptor Ubiquitous T Lymphocytes Fusion with host cell membrane
Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) Herpesviridae, Roseolovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gQ1/gQ2
, Q9QJ11, P0DOE1		 TNFRSF4
, P43489		 Receptor Lymphocytes T Lymphocytes Fusion with host cell membrane
Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) Herpesviridae, Roseolovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein gB
, P52352		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate T lymphocytes Fusion with host cell membrane
Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) Herpesviridae, Roseolovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion ? CD4
, P01730		 Receptor T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells T lymphocytes Fusion with host cell membrane
Kaposi Sarcoma virus (HHV-8) Herpesviridae, Rhadinovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion ? Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate B lymphocytes, oral epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Kaposi Sarcoma virus (HHV-8) Herpesviridae, Rhadinovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gB
, F5HB81		 Integrin αV β3
, P06756		 Adhesion molecule ? B lymphocytes, oral epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Pseudorabies virus Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein gB/gC
, P08355, P06024		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate neurons, nasal and oral epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Pseudorabies virus Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gD
, P07645		 Poliovirus receptor (PVR)
, P15151		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons neurons, nasal and oral epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Pseudorabies virus Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gD
, P07645		 Nectin 1 (PVRL1)
, Q15223		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons neurons, nasal and oral epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Pseudorabies virus Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus dsDNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein gD
, P07645		 Nectin 2 (PVRL2)
, Q92692		 Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons neurons, nasal and oral epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Vaccinia virus Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus dsDNA Env Human Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 ? ? ? dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, B lymphocytes, activated T lymphocytes Macropinocytosis
Vaccinia virus Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion A27, D8, H3
, P11258
, P04195 , P07240		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, B lymphocytes, activated T lymphocytes Macropinocytosis
Vaccinia virus Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus dsDNA Env Human Adhesion Protein A26
, P24758		 Laminin Extracellular matrix dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, B lymphocytes, activated T lymphocytes Macropinocytosis
Adenovirus type A Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry Fiber protein
, P36711		 CXADR(CAR)
, P78310		 Adhesion molecule Epithelial and endothial cell, heart, brain epithelial cells in pharynx, lung, cornea Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Adenovirus type F Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry Fiber protein
, P35774		 CXADR(CAR)
, P18048		 Adhesion molecule Epithelial and endothial cell, heart, brain epithelial cells in pharynx, lung, cornea Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Adenovirus type B Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry Fiber protein
, P35774		 CD80
, P33681		 Adhesion molecule B cells, monocytes epithelial cells ?
Adenovirus type B Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry Fiber protein
, P35774		 CD86
, P42081		 Adhesion molecule B lymphocytes, monocytes epithelial cells ?
Adenovirus type D Ad37 Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry Fiber protein
, Q64823		 Sialic acids Carbohydrate Epithelial cells, blood cells, ubiquitous corneal and genital epithelial cells ?
Adenovirus type D Ad37 Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry Fiber protein
, Q64823		 Ganglioside GD1a
, CHEBI:18163		 Glycosphingolipid Neurons, Ubiquitous corneal and genital epithelial cells ?
Adenovirus type B2 and Ad3 Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry Fiber protein
, P04501		 CD46
, P15529		 Receptor Ubiquitous ? ?
Adenovirus type C Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Adhesion Fiber protein
, P04501		 CXADR(CAR)
, P78310		 Adhesion molecule Epithelial and endothial cell, heart, brain epithelial cells in pharynx, lung, cornea Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Adenovirus type A, B, C, D and E Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus dsDNA Non-env Human Entry Penton protein
, P03276		 Integrin αV β5?
, P08648
, P18084		 Adhesion molecule ? epithelial cells in pharynx, lung, cornea Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Enterobacteria phage PhiX174 Microviridae,
"Microvirus":/preview_by_species/114		 ssDNA Non-env Bacteria Adhesion Spike G protein
, P03643		 LPS? Carbohydrate NA NA Viral attachment to host cell pilus
Adeno-associated virus type 2 Parvoviridae, Dependoparvovirus ssDNA Non-env Human Adhesion VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins
, P03135		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Muscles, Neurons, Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Adeno-associated virus type 2 Parvoviridae, Dependoparvovirus ssDNA Non-env Human Adhesion VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins
, P03135		 Integrin α5 β1
, P08648
, P05556		 Adhesion molecule Beta1: Salivary gland? Muscles, Neurons, Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Adeno-associated virus type 2 Parvoviridae, Dependoparvovirus ssDNA Non-env Human Entry VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins
, P03135		 Laminin receptor(RPSA)
, P08865		 Receptor ubiquitous Muscles, Neurons, Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Adeno-associated virus type 2 Parvoviridae, Dependoparvovirus ssDNA Non-env Human Entry VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins
, P03135		 AAVR (KIAA0319L)
, Q8IZA0		 Receptor Neurons? Muscles, Neurons, Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Adeno-associated virus type 3,8 and 9 Parvoviridae, Dependoparvovirus ssDNA Non-env Human Adhesion VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins
, Q65311		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Adeno-associated virus type 3,8 and 9 Parvoviridae, Dependoparvovirus ssDNA Non-env Human Entry VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins
, Q65311		 Laminin receptor(RPSA)
, P08865		 Receptor Ubiquitous Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Bovine parvovirus Parvoviridae, Bocavirus ssDNA Non-env Bovine Adhesion VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins
, P07297		 α2,3 N-linked and O-linked sialic acids

, CHEBI:49026
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Canine parvovirus Parvoviridae, Parvovirus ssDNA Non-env Dogs Entry VP1, VP2
, P61826		 Transferin receptor (TFRC)
, P02786
, P02786		 Receptor Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes
 Monocytes, lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Feline panleukopenia virus Parvoviridae, Parvovirus ssDNA Non-env Feline Entry VP1, VP2
, P04864		 Transferin receptor (TFRC)
, P02786
, P02786		 Receptor Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes Monocytes, lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human parvovirus B19 Parvoviridae, Erythrovirus ssDNA Non-env Human Adhesion VP1, VP2
, P07299		 Globoside?
, CHEBI:61360		 Glycosphingolipid erythroid progenitor cells, epithelial cells of lung Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human parvovirus B19 Parvoviridae, Erythrovirus ssDNA Non-env Human Entry VP1, VP2
, P07299		 Integrin α5 β1
, P05556		 Adhesion molecule Beta1: Salivary gland? erythroid progenitor cells, epithelial cells of lung Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Minute virus of mice Parvoviridae, Parvovirus ssDNA Non-env Rodent Adhesion VP1, VP2
, P03137		 alpha 2,3 Sialic acids
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate ? MVMp:oropharynx epithelial cells
MVMi:lymphocytes, endothelial cells		 Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Porcine circovirus 2 Circoviridae, Circovirus ssDNA Non-env Rodent Adhesion Capsid protein
, O56129		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Porcine circovirus 2 Circoviridae, Circovirus ssDNA Non-env Rodent Adhesion Capsid protein
, O56129		 chondroitin sulfate B
, CHEBI:37397		 Carbohydrate ? Lymphocytes, macrophages Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Rhesus Rotavirus Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Monkeys Adhesion VP4
, P11193
JAM-A/F11R
, Q9Y624		 Adhesion molecule epithelial cells biliary epithelial cell (cholangiocytes) Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Rhesus Rotavirus Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Monkeys Adhesion VP8*
, P11193		 Neu5Ac Sialic acids
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate ? biliary epithelial cell (cholangiocytes) Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Rhesus Rotavirus Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Monkeys Entry VP4
, P11193		 Integrin α2 β1
, P17301 P05556 		Adhesion molecule ? biliary epithelial cell (cholangiocytes) Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Rhesus Rotavirus Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Monkeys Entry VP4
, P11193		 Integrin α4 β1
, P13612 P05556 		Adhesion molecule Leukocytes biliary epithelial cell (cholangiocytes) Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Rhesus Rotavirus Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Monkeys Entry Capsid protein VP4
, P11193		 Integrin αV β3
, P06756 P05106 		Adhesion molecule ? biliary epithelial cell (cholangiocytes) Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Porcine Rotavirus Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Pig Adhesion Outer capsid protein VP8*
, P11193		 Neu5Gc Sialic acids
, CHEBI:62084 		Carbohydrate ? enterocytes at the top of intestinal villi Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human Rotavirus strain Wa Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Human Adhesion Outer capsid protein VP8*
, Q82040		 A Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)
, CHEBI:140559 		Adhesion molecule ? enterocytes at the top of intestinal villi Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human Rotavirus strain Wa Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Human Adhesion Outer capsid protein VP4
, P11193
JAM-A/F11R
, Q9Y624 		Adhesion molecule ? enterocytes at the top of intestinal villi Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human Rotavirus strain Wa Reoviridae, Rotavirus dsRNA Non-env Human Entry Outer capsid protein VP4
, P11193		 Integrin α2 β1
, P17301 , P05556 		Adhesion molecule ? enterocytes at the top of intestinal villi Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Mammalian reovirus Reoviridae, Orthoreovirus dsRNA Non-env Human Entry Outer capsid protein Sigma-1
, P03528
JAM-A/F11R
, Q9Y624, Carbohydrates		 Adhesion molecule ? neurons Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Mammalian reovirus Reoviridae, Orthoreovirus dsRNA Non-env Human Entry Outer capsid protein Sigma-1
, P03528		 Integrin β1
, P05556		 Adhesion molecule ? primary: enterocytes at the top of intestinal villi, secondary: neurons Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Mammalian reovirus Reoviridae, Orthoreovirus dsRNA Non-env Human Entry Outer capsid protein Sigma-1
, P03528		 RTN4R(NgR1)
, Q9BZR6 		Receptor Neurons primary: enterocytes at the top of intestinal villi, secondary: neurons Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Bluetongue virus Reoviridae, Orbivirus dsRNA Non-env Bovine, goat, sheep, bitting midges Adhesion? Outer capsid protein VP2
, P06945 		Sialic acids?
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate ? Mammals primary: lymphocytes, secondary: endothelial cells; Insect: gut Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Bluetongue virus Reoviridae, Orbivirus dsRNA Non-env Bovine, goat, sheep, bitting midges Adhesion? Outer capsid protein VP2
, P06945		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? Mammals primary: lymphocytes, secondary: endothelial cells; Insect: gut Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Bluetongue virus Reoviridae, Orbivirus dsRNA Non-env Bovine, goat, sheep, bitting midges Entry? Intermediate capsid protein VP7
, P69361		 Integrin? Adhesion molecule ? Mammals primary: lymphocytes, secondary: endothelial cells; Insect: gut Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Bovine coronavirus Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Bovine Entry Spike glycoprotein
, P15777		 ? Sialic acids Carbohydrate ? Calves: respiratory epithelium. Adult: intestinal epithelium ?
Bovine viral diarrhea virus Flaviviridae, Pestivirus ss+RNA Env Bovine Entry Envelope glycoprotein E1/E2
, P19711		 CD46
, Q6VE48		 Receptor Ubiquitous Primary: respiratory epithelium. Secondary: Lymphocytes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Norwalk virus Caliciviridae, Norovirus ss+RNA Env Human Entry capsid protein VP1
, Q83884		 A/O Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)
, CHEBI:140559 		Carbohydrate ? epithelial intestinal cells ?
Murine norovirus Caliciviridae, Norovirus ss+RNA Env Mouse Entry Capsid protein VP1
, Q80J95		 CD300lf, CD300ld
, Q6SJQ7 , Q8VCH2 		Receptor Tuft cells, Dendritic cells?, immune cells? Tuft cells, Macrophages?, dendritic cells? ?
Feline calicivirus Caliciviridae, Norovirus ss+RNA Env Felines Entry Capsid protein VP1
, Q66915
JAM-A/F11R
, Q9Y624		 Adhesion molecule ? ? ?
Classical swine fever virus Flaviviridae, Pestivirus ss+RNA Env Swine Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E1/E2
, P19712		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Primary: Mainly Blood, lymphoid tissue, pancreas and ileum, secondary: most organs ?
Classical swine fever virus Flaviviridae, Pestivirus ss+RNA Env Swine Entry Envelope glycoprotein E1/E2
, P19712		 CD46
, P15529		 Receptor Ubiquitous Primary: Mainly Blood, lymphoid tissue, pancreas and ileum, secondary: most organs ?
Coxsackievirus A9 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, iprot/		 Integrin αV β3
, Q5MP50 , P80746 		Adhesion molecule ? epithelial airway cells Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Coxsackievirus A9 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q5MP50		 Integrin αV β6
, P80746 P18564 		Adhesion molecule ? epithelial airway cells Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Coxsackievirus A21 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Adhesion Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P22055		 CD55 (DAF)
, P08174		 Complement regulator Lung, ovary, placenta epithelial airway cells ?
Coxsackievirus A21 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P22055		 ICAM-1
, P05362 		Adhesion molecule Lungs, Lymphoid tissues, Kidney epithelial airway cells ?
Coxsackievirus B1 to B6 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3 CXADR(CAR)
, P78310 		Adhesion molecule Epithelial and endothial cell, heart, brain Brain, heart, pancreas Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Coxsackievirus B1, B3, B5 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Adhesion VP1, VP2 and VP3 CD55 (DAF)
, P08174 		Complement regulator Lung, ovary, placenta Brain, heart, pancreas Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Japanese encephalitis virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Bovine, bird, horse, swine, mosquitoes and Human Entry? Envelope protein E
, P27395		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells Dendritic cells, Neurons Clathrin independent endocytosis
Japanese encephalitis virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Bovine, bird, horse, swine, mosquitoes and Human Entry? Envelope protein E
, P27395		 CLEC4G (LSECtin)
, Q6UXB4 		Lectin Dendritic cells, macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and lymph node Dendritic cells, Neurons Clathrin independent endocytosis
Dengue virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Adhesion Envelope protein E
, P29990		 Mannose receptor(MRC1)
, P22897 		Receptor Macrophages, dendritic cells, dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Dengue virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Adhesion Envelope protein E
, P29990		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Dengue virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Adhesion Envelope protein E
, P29990		 CLEC5A
, Q9NY25 		Lectin Macrophages Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Dengue virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Adhesion Envelope protein E
, P29990		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Dengue virus 1 Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Entry Envelope protein E
, P29990		 Laminin receptor (RPSA)?
, P08865 		Receptor Ubiquitous Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Dengue virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Alternative Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 HAVCR1(TIM1)
, Q96D42 		Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, mast cells, B lymphocytes, activated CD4+ cells, kidney, hepatocytes Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Dengue virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Entry Small envelope protein M
, P29990		 CLDN1
, O95832 		Adhesion molecule Epithelial cells Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Dengue virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Alternative Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 Tyro3 (TAM family)
, Q06418 		Receptor brain? Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Zika virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 Tyro3 (TAM family)
, Q06418 		Receptor brain? Macrophages, dendritic cells, keratinocytes ?
Zika virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 AXL (TAM family)
, P30530 		Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages? Macrophages, dendritic cells, keratinocytes ?
Zika virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Adhesion Envelope protein E
, Q32ZE1		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells Macrophages, dendritic cells, keratinocytes ?
Dengue virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Alternative Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 AXL (TAM family)
, P30530 		Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages? Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, platelets Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or Macropinocytosis
Yellow fever virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Human, mosquitoes Adhesion Envelope protein E
, P03314		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes ?
Encephalomyocarditis virus Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus ss+RNA Non-env Rodent, pig Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P03304		 Vcam1
, P19320 		Adhesion molecule lymphocytes, monocytes Neurons, cardiomyocytes, pancreatic cells
Echovirus E5, E6,E7, E9, E11, E13, E25, E29, E30, E31, and E32 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, O91734		 Neonatal Fc receptor
, P55899 		Receptor Leukocytes, neutrophils, Epithelial cells Primary: Epithelial cells in pharynx or gastrointestinal tract, Mucosal M cells; Secondary: CNS, liver, spleen, bone marrow, heart, and lungs Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Echovirus E1 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, O91734		 Integrin α2 β1
, P17301 P05556 		Adhesion molecule Epithelial cells in pharynx or gastrointestinal tract, Mucosal M cells; Secondary: CNS, liver, spleen, bone marrow, heart, and lungs Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Echovirus E8 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, O91734		 Integrin α2 β1
, P17301 P05556 		Adhesion molecule Epithelial cells in pharynx or gastrointestinal tract, Mucosal M cells; Secondary: CNS, liver, spleen, bone marrow, heart, and lungs ?
Echovirus E6, E7, E11, E12, E20 and E21 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q66474		 CD55 (DAF)
, P08174 		Complement receptor Ubiquitous epithelial cells in pharynx or gastrointestinal tract, Mucosal M cells; Secondary: CNS, liver, spleen, bone marrow,heart, and lungs
Enterovirus 70 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Adhesion? Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P32537		 alpha 2,3 Sialic acids
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate ? epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract?? ?
Enterovirus 70 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Adhesion Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P32537		 CD55 (DAF)
, P08174 		Complement regulator ? epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract?? ?
Enterovirus 71 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Adhesion Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q66479		 Sialic acids
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate neurons, lymphocytes? Depends on entry receptor
Enterovirus 71 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Adhesion Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q66479		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate neurons, lymphocytes? Depends on entry receptor
Enterovirus 71 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q66479		 SCARB2
, Q14108 		Endosomal molecule Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression neurons, lymphocytes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Enterovirus 71 Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q66479		 SELPLG
, Q14242 		Adhesion molecule Lymphocytes neurons, lymphocytes? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Foot-and-mouth disease virus Picornaviridae, Aphthovirus ss+RNA Non-env Bovine, sheep Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P03305		 Integrins αV &beta 1,3,8,6;
, P06756 , P05556 , P05106 , P18564 , P26012 		Adhesion molecule epithelial cells of the mouth, lung, and feet Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis A virus Picornaviridae, Hepatovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P14553		 HAVCR1(TIM1)
, Q96D42 		Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, mast cells, B colorlymphocytes, activated CD4+ cells, kidney, hepatocytes Hepatocytes, epithelium in gastrointestinal tract, salivary glands, kidney, lymphocytes? ?
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus ss+RNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E1 and E2
, P27958		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus ss+RNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E1 and E2
, P27958		 LDLR
, P01130 		Receptor Gatrointestinal tract, liver, lung, adrenal glands Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus ss-RNA Env Tick, vertebrate, Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, Q8JSZ3		 LDLR
, P01130 		Receptor Gatrointestinal tract, liver, lung, adrenal glands, blood cells Primary: dendritic cells ?
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus ss+RNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E1 and E2
, P27958		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells, liver sinusoidal cells Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus ss+RNA Env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E1 and E2
, P27958		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3 		Lectin Liver sinusoidal cells and lymph nodes Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus ss+RNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E1 and E2
, P27958		 CLDN1
, O95832 		Adhesion molecule Epithelial cells Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus ss+RNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E1 and E2
, P27958		 CD81?
, P60033		 Receptor hemopoietic, endothelial and epithelial cells Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus ss+RNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E1 and E2
, P27958		 SCARB1?
, Q8WTV0 		Endosomal molecule Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human coronavirus 229E Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human Adhesion Spike glycoprotein
, P15423		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3 		Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node epithelial airway cells, macrophages Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Human coronavirus 229E Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human Entry Spike glycoprotein
, P15423		 ANPEP
, P15144 		Peptidase intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, liver epithelial airway cells, macrophages Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Human coronavirus OC43 Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human Entry Spike glycoprotein
, P36334		 (alpha 2,3 or 2,6) 9-O-acetylated Sialic acids
, CHEBI:28879		 Carbohydrate epithelial airway cells ?
Human parechovirus 1 Picornaviridae, Parechovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q66578		 Integrin αV β3
, P06756 P05106 		Adhesion molecule epithelial cells in respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Japanese encephalitis virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Bovine, bird, horse, swine, mosquitoes and Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E
, P27395		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Dendritic cells, neurons Clathrin independent endocytosis
Japanese encephalitis virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Bovine, bird, horse, swine, mosquitoes and Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E
, P27395		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3 		Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node Dendritic cells, neurons Clathrin independent endocytosis
Major receptor group, rhinovirus A-B (e.g.HRV14) Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P03303		 ICAM-1 Adhesion molecule Lungs, Lymphoid tissues, Kidney Nasopharynx epithelial cells Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis
Minor receptor group, rhinovirus A-B (e.g.HRV2) Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q82122		 LDLR family Receptor adrenal gland, Liver, lung, gastroinstestinal tract epithelial airway cells Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Rhinovirus C Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P03303		 CDHR3
, Q6ZTQ4 		Adhesion molecule Nasopharynx, Bronchus, salivary gland Nasopharynx epithelial cells ?
Enterovirus D68 (Rhinovirus 87) Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q68T42		 Sialic acids
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate Epithelial cells, blood cells, ubiquitous epithelial airway cells, Neurons (spinal cord, brain stem), astrocytes ?
Enterovirus D68 (Rhinovirus 87) Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q68T42		 CD55 (DAF)
, P08174 		Complement regulator Lung, ovary, placenta epithelial airway cells, Neurons (spinal cord, brain stem), astrocytes ?
Enterovirus D68 (Rhinovirus 87) Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q68T42		 ICAM5
, Q9UMF0 		Receptor Brain (but not spinal cord or brain stem) epithelial airway cells, Neurons (spinal cord, brain stem), astrocytes ?
Enterovirus D68 (Rhinovirus 87) Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, Q68T42		 MFSD6
, Q6ZSS7 		Receptor Ubiquitous epithelial airway cells, Neurons (spinal cord, brain stem), astrocytes ?
Mouse hepatitis virus Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Rodents Entry Spike glycoprotein
, P11224		 Ceacam1
, P13688 		Adhesion molecule Liver and brain Hepatocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Poliovirus Picornaviridae, Enterovirus ss+RNA Non-env Human Entry Capsid protein VP1, VP2 and VP3
, P03300		 Poliovirus receptor (PVR)
, P15151 		Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons epithelial cells in oropharyngeal and enteric tract, neurons Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis and Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Swine Entry Spike glycoprotein
, Q91AV1		 ANPEP
, P15144 		Peptidase intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, liver epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Arteriviridae, Arterivirus ss+RNA Env Swine Adhesion Glycoprotein GP5
, Q04569		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate Macrophages Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Arteriviridae, Arterivirus ss+RNA Env Swine Entry Glycoprotein GP5
, Q04569		 SIGLEC1?
, Q9BZZ2 		Adhesion molecule Macrophage Macrophages Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Arteriviridae, Arterivirus ss+RNA Env Swine Entry Glycoprotein GP2a, Glycoprotein GP4
, Q91DM1 , P28994		 CD163
, Q86VB7 		Receptor Monocytes Macrophages Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Arteriviridae, Arterivirus ss+RNA Env Swine Entry Glycoprotein GP2a, Glycoprotein GP4
, Q91DM1 , P28994		 CD151
, P48509 		Adhesion molecule Muscle cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, activated T lymphocytes, dendritic cells ans Schwann cells Macrophages Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Getah virus (GETV) Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Mosquitoes, Mammals, Human Entry? Envelope glycoprotein E2
, Q5Y388		 LDLR
, P01130 		Receptor Gatrointestinal tract, liver, lung, adrenal glands Unknown Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Semliki Forest virus (SFV) Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Mosquitoes, Mammals, Human Entry? Envelope glycoprotein E2
, Q8JUX5		 LDLR
, P03315 		Receptor Gatrointestinal tract, liver, lung, adrenal glands Unknown Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Ross River virus (RRV) Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Mosquitoes, Mammals, Human Entry? Envelope glycoprotein E2
, P08491		 LDLR
, P01130 		Receptor Gatrointestinal tract, liver, lung, adrenal glands Unknown Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Bebaru virus (BEBV) Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Mosquitoes, Mammals, Human Entry? Envelope glycoprotein E2
, Q80S39		 LDLR
, P01130 		Receptor Gatrointestinal tract, liver, lung, adrenal glands Unknown Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Chikungunya virus Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Mosquitoes, Mammals, Human Entry? Envelope glycoprotein E2
, Q8JUX5		 PHB1
, P35232 		? Ubiquitous Skin, muscle, joint tissue
Chikungunya virus Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Mosquitoes, Mammals, Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E2
, Q8JUX5		 MXRA8
, Q9BRK3 		Receptor Skin, muscle, Uterus, Kidney, fibroblast Skin, muscle, joint tissue, fibroblast
Sindbis virus Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Mosquitoes, Bird, Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E2
, P03316		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Rubella virus Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E2
, P07566		 MOG
, Q16653 		Adhesion molecule Central nervous system, heart, muscle Respiratory tract, .. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Sindbis virus Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Mosquitoes, Bird, Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E2
, P07566		 Laminin receptor (RPSA)
, P08865 		Receptor Ubiquitous ? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human MERS Coronavirus Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human, bats, mammals Entry Spike glycoprotein
, K9N5Q8		 DPP4
, P27487
Peptidase Muscles, lung, kidney Respiratory tract ?
Human SARS Coronavirus Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human, bats, mammals Adhesion Spike glycoprotein
, P59594		 CLEC4G (LSECtin)
, Q6UXB4
Lectin Dendritic cells, macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and lymph node pneumocytes in the lungs and surface enterocytes in the small bowel Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human SARS Coronavirus Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human, bats, mammals Adhesion Spike glycoprotein
, P59594		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6
Lectin Dendritic cells pneumocytes in the lungs and surface enterocytes in the small bowel Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human SARS Coronavirus Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human, bats, mammals Adhesion Spike glycoprotein
, P59594		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3
Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node pneumocytes in the lungs and surface enterocytes in the small bowel Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human SARS Coronavirus Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human, bats, mammals Entry Spike glycoprotein
, P59594		 ACE2
, Q9BYF1 		peptidase Lung, small intestine,heart and the kidneys Pneumocytes in the lungs and surface enterocytes in the small bowel Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human SARS coronavirus 2 Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human, bats, mammals Entry Spike glycoprotein ACE2
, Q9BYF1 		peptidase Lung, small intestine,heart and the kidneys Lungs, and? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis?
Human coronavirus NL63 Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Human, bats, mammals Entry Spike glycoprotein
, Q6Q1S2		 ACE2
, Q9BYF1 		peptidase Lung, small intestine,heart and the kidneys Lungs, and? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus ss+RNA Env Swine Entry Spike glycoprotein
, P07946		 ANPEP
, P15144 		peptidase intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, liver epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract ?
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEEV) Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Horse, Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E2
, P36329		 Laminin receptor (RPSA)
, P08865 		Receptor Ubiquitous neuron Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEEV) Togaviridae,
Alphavirus		 ss+RNA Env Horse, Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein E2
, P36329		 LDLRAD3
, Q86YD5 		Receptor Brain, skin, digestive tract neuron Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
West Nile virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Birds, mosquitoes, Human Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine? through MFGE8 bridging

, CHEBI:57262 , Q08431		 Integrin αV β3?
, P06756 , P05106 		Adhesion molecule primary: Langerhans dendritic cells, secondary: Lymphocytes, kidney, spleen and liver Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
West Nile virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Birds, mosquitoes, Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E
, P06935		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6
Lectin Dendritic cells primary: Langerhans dendritic cells, secondary: Lymphocytes, kidney, spleen and liver Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
West Nile virus Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ss+RNA Env Birds, mosquitoes, Human Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein E
, P06935		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3
Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node primary: Langerhans dendritic cells, secondary: Lymphocytes, kidney, spleen and liver Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Canine distemper virus Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus ss-RNA Env Dogs Entry Hemagglutinin
, P24306		 Nectin 4 (PVRL4)
, E2RN46 		Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons lymphoid, epithelial, and nervous tissues ?
Canine distemper virus Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus ss-RNA Env Dogs Entry Hemagglutinin
, P24306		 SLAMF1
, Q13291 		Receptor Lymphocytes lymphoid, epithelial, and nervous tissues ?
Ebolavirus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Adhesion Glycoprotein
, Q05320		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6
Lectin Dendritic cells Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Ebolavirus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Adhesion Glycoprotein
, Q05320		 CLEC4G (LSECtin)
, Q6UXB4
Lectin Dendritic cells, macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and lymph node Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Ebolavirus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 HAVCR1(TIM1)
, Q96D42
Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, mast cells, B lymphocytes, activated CD4+ cells, kidney, hepatocytes Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Ebolavirus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 Tyro3 (TAM family)
, Q06418 		Receptor brain? Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis?
Ebolavirus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 AXL (TAM family)
, P30530 		Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages? Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis?
Ebolavirus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Adhesion Glycoprotein
, Q05320		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3
Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Ebolavirus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Entry in endosome Glycoprotein
, Q05320		 NPC1
, O15118 		Receptor Mainly macrophages, dendritic cells, and adrenal gland Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: hepatocytes, kidney cells. splenocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Marburg virus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Adhesion Glycoprotein
, P35253		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6
Lectin Dendritic cells Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Marburg virus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Adhesion Glycoprotein
, P35253		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3 		Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Marburg virus Filoviridae, Filovirus ss-RNA Env Bats, mammals, human Entry virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 HAVCR1(TIM1)
, Q96D42
Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, mast cells, B lymphocytes, activated CD4+ cells, kidney, hepatocytes Primary: Dendritic cells, macrophages. Secondary: endothelial and epithelial cells Macropinocytosis
Sin nombre virus Bunyaviridae, Hantavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry Glycoprotein G
, Q89905		 PCDH1
, Q08174 		Adhesion molecule ? Respiratory tract
Andes virus Bunyaviridae, Hantavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry Glycoprotein G
, Q80DP7		 PCDH1
, Q08174 		Adhesion molecule ? Respiratory tract
Hantaan virus Bunyaviridae, Hantavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry Glycoprotein G
, P08668		 Integrin β3
, P05106 		Adhesion molecule ? ? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Uukuniemi virus Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus ss-RNA Env Mosquitoes, cattle, Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P09613		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6
Lectin Dendritic cells Primary: dendritic cells ?
Rift fever valley virus Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus ss-RNA Env Mosquitoes, cattle, Human Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P21401		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6
Lectin Dendritic cells Primary: dendritic cells ?
Human Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Human, Swine Entry Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 Ganglioside GM3
, CHEBI:84118		 Glycosphingolipid Neurons, Ubiquitous epithelial airway cells, myotubes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Human Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Human, Swine Entry Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 CACNA1C (Cav1.2)
, Q13936 		Lung, Muscle, Brain, Kidney, Gastrointestinal tract. epithelial airway cells, myotubes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Human Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Human, Swine Entry Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 Langerin CD207
, Q9UJ71 		Lectin Langerhans cells and immature dendritic cells in skin or mucosa epithelial airway cells, myotubes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Human Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Human, Swine Entry Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 NeuAc alpha 2,6 Sialic acids
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate epithelial airway cells epithelial airway cells, myotubes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Human Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Human, Swine Adhesion Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6
Lectin Dendritic cells epithelial airway cells, myotubes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Human Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Human, Swine Adhesion Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3
Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node epithelial airway cells, myotubes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Avian Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Birds, Swine, flies? Adhesion Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells epithelial gastrointestinal cells, myotubes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Avian Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Birds, Swine, flies? Adhesion Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3 		Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node epithelial gastrointestinal cells, myotubes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Avian Influenza A virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus ss-RNA Env Birds, Swine, flies? Entry Hemagglutinin HA
, P03437		 Neu5Gc alpha 2,3 Sialic acids
, CHEBI:62084 		Carbohydrate Respiratory and gastrointestinal tract epithelial gastrointestinal cells, myotubes? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis [any cells] and Clathrin/caveolin-independent endocytosis [in nonpolarized cells]
Macropinocytosis [filamentous virion]
Influenza B virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza B virus ss-RNA Env Human, seals Entry Hemagglutinin HA
, P03460		 alpha 2,6 Sialic acids Carbohydrate ? epithelial airway cells ?
Influenza C virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza C virus ss-RNA Env Human, swine Entry Hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion glycoprotein HE
, P07975		 (alpha 2,3 or 2,6) 9-O-acetylated Sialic acids Carbohydrate ? ?
Bovine Influenza D virus Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza D virus ss-RNA Env Human, Swine Entry Hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein HE
, K9LG83		 Neu5,9Ac2 Sialic acids Carbohydrate epithelial airway cells epithelial airway cells ?
Guanarito virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodent, human Entry Glycoprotein complex
, P26313		 Transferin receptor (TFRC)
, P02786
, P02786		 Receptor Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes Vascular system, multiple organs Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Junin virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodent, human Entry , Glycoprotein complex Transferin receptor (TFRC)
, P02786
, P02786		 Receptor Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes macrophages Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Human metapneumovirus Paramyxoviridae, metapneumovirus ss-RNA Env Human Adhesion Glycoprotein G
, Q6WB94		 Glycosaminoglycans
, CHEBI:18085 		Carbohydrate ? epithelial cells of lung ?
Human metapneumovirus Paramyxoviridae, metapneumovirus ss-RNA Env Human Adhesion Fusion protein
, Q6WB98		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? epithelial cells of lung ?
Human metapneumovirus Paramyxoviridae, metapneumovirus ss-RNA Env Human Entry Fusion protein
, Q6WB98		 Integrin α5 β3?
, P08648 , P05106 		Adhesion molecule ? epithelial cells of lung ?
Human parainfluenza 1 Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus ss-RNA Env Human Entry Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN
, P16071		 alpha 2,3 Sialic acids
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate ? trachea epithelial cells ?
Human parainfluenza 3 Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus ss-RNA Env Human Adhesion Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN
, P12564		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate lower respiratory epithelial cells ?
Human parainfluenza 3 Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus ss-RNA Env Human Entry Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN
, P12564		 alpha2,6 and 2,3 Sialic acids
, CHEBI:49026		 Carbohydrate lower respiratory epithelial cells ?
Lassa virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Adhesion Glycoprotein complex
, P08669		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		lectin Dendritic cells Dendritic cells, liver Macropinocytosis?
Lassa virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Adhesion Glycoprotein complex
, P08669		 CLEC4G (LSECtin)
, Q6UXB4 		lectin Dendritic cells, macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and lymph node Dendritic cells, liver Macropinocytosis?
Lassa virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Adhesion virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 Tyro3 (TAM family)
, Q06418 		Receptor brain? Dendritic cells, liver Macropinocytosis?
Lassa virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Adhesion virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 AXL (TAM family)
, P30530 		Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages? Dendritic cells, liver Macropinocytosis?
Lassa virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Adhesion Glycoprotein complex
, P08669		 LAMP1 (CD107a)
, P11279 		At cell surface: Dendritic cells, NK cells, Activated T lymphocytes, Embryonic cells
In lysosomes: Ubiquitous		 Dendritic cells, liver Macropinocytosis?
Lassa virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry? Glycoprotein complex
, P08669		 α-dystroglycan
, Q14118 		Adhesion molecule Muscle, skin, and many tissues Dendritic cells, liver Macropinocytosis?
Lassa virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry? Glycoprotein complex
, P08669		 HAVCR1(TIM1)
, Q96D42 		Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, mast cells, B lymphocytes, activated CD4+ cells, kidney, hepatocytes Dendritic cells, liver Macropinocytosis?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry? Glycoprotein complex
, P09991		 α-dystroglycan
, Q14118 		Adhesion molecule Muscle, skin, and many tissues Dendritic cells Macropinocytosis?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry? Glycoprotein complex
, P09991		 CLEC4G (LSECtin)
, Q6UXB4 		lectin Dendritic cells, macrophages, sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver and lymph node Dendritic cells Macropinocytosis?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry? virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 Tyro3 (TAM family)
, Q06418 		Receptor brain? Dendritic cells Macropinocytosis?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodents, Human Entry? virion membrane phosphatidylserine
, CHEBI:57262		 AXL (TAM family)
, P30530 		Receptor Dendritic cells, macrophages? Dendritic cells Macropinocytosis?
Machupo virus Arenaviridae, Arenavirus ss-RNA Env Rodent, Human Entry Glycoprotein complex
, P26313		 Transferin receptor (TFRC)
, P02786		 Receptor Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes ? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Measles virus Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus ss-RNA Env Human Adhesion Hemagglutinin
, P35971		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		lectin Dendritic cells Primary: Dendritic cells, secondary:lymphocytes and neurons, tertiary:airway epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Measles virus Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus ss-RNA Env Human Entry Hemagglutinin
, P35971		 SLAMF1
, Q13291 		Receptor Lymphocytes Primary: Dendritic cells, secondary:lymphocytes and neurons, tertiary:airway epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Measles virus Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus ss-RNA Env Human Entry Hemagglutinin
, P35971		 Nectin 4 (PVRL4)
, Q96NY8 		Adhesion molecule adherens junction of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse of neurons Primary: Dendritic cells, secondary:lymphocytes and neurons, tertiary:airway epithelial cells Fusion with host cell membrane
Cultured Measles virus Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus ss-RNA Env Cell culture Entry Hemagglutinin
, P35971		 CD46
, P15529		 Complement receptor airway epithelial cells, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, neurons Fusion with host cell membrane
Mumps virus Paramyxoviridae, Orthorubulavirus ss-RNA Env Human Adhesion Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
, P11235		 trisaccharide containing 2,3 Sialic acids Carbohydrate ? Parotid gland, pancreas, testis, ovary, mammary glands, and kidney
Nipah virus Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus ss-RNA Env Bats, Human Entry Glycoprotein G
, Q9IH62		 EFNB2
, P52799 		Receptor endothelial cells and neurons endothelial cells and neurons Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Nipah virus Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus ss-RNA Env Bats, Human Entry Glycoprotein G
, Q9IH62		 EFNB3
, Q15768 		Receptor neurons endothelial cells and neurons Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Hendra virus Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus ss-RNA Env Bats, Horse, Human Entry Glycoprotein G
, O89343		 EFNB2
, P52799 		Receptor endothelial cells and neurons endothelial cells and neurons Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Hendra virus Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus ss-RNA Env Bats, Horse, Human Entry Glycoprotein G
, O89343		 EFNB3
, Q15768 		Receptor neurons endothelial cells and neurons Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Newcastle disease virus Paramyxoviridae, Avulavirus ss-RNA Env Chicken Adhesion Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase HN
, Q91UL0		 2,3 and 2,6 Sialic acids Carbohydrate ? gastrointestinal tract, lungs, brain, spleen, liver, and kidneys ?
Rabies virus Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus ss-RNA Env Human, mammals Entry Glycoprotein G
, P08667		 nAChR? Receptor neurons neurons, salivary glands Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Rabies virus Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus ss-RNA Env Human, mammals Entry Glycoprotein G
, P08667		 NCAM1
, P13591 		Adhesion molecule neurons, glia, skeletal muscle and natural killer cells neurons, salivary glands Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Respiratory syncytial virus Paramyxoviridae, Pneumovirus ss-RNA Env Human Adhesion Glycoprotein G
, P03423		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells primary: upper respiratory epithelium
secondary: lower respiratory epithelium, alveolar macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells		 Macropinocytosis
Respiratory syncytial virus Paramyxoviridae, Pneumovirus ss-RNA Env Human Adhesion Glycoprotein G
, P03423		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? primary: upper respiratory epithelium
secondary: lower respiratory epithelium, alveolar macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells		 Macropinocytosis
Rinderpest virus Paramyxoviridae, Morbilivirus ss-RNA Env Bovine, ovine, swine Entry Hemagglutinin
, P41355		 SLAMF1
, Q13291 		Receptor Lymphocytes lymphocytes ?
Sendai virus Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus ss-RNA Env Rodents Entry Hemagglutinin
, Q88261		 Sialic acids Carbohydrate ? epithelium airway cells Fusion with host cell membrane?
or endocytosis?
Vesicular stomatitis virus Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus ss-RNA Env Sandflies, Mammals, Human Entry Glycoprotein
, P03522		 LDLR family
, P01130 		Receptor adrenal gland, Liver, lung, gastroinstestinal tract, blood cells ? Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Feline leukemia virus A Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Felidae Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P08359		 SLC19A2(Pit2)
, O60779 		Transporter ? Lymphocytes? ?
Feline leukemia virus B Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Felidae Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P11261		 SLC20A1(Pit1) , SLC20A2(Pit2)
, Q8WUM9
, Q95L97 		Transporter Muscle. placenta, heart, liver and kidney. Lymphocytes? Fusion with host cell membrane
Feline leukemia virus C Retroviridae,gammaretrovirus RT Env Felidae Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P21444		 FLVCR1
, Q9Y5Y0 		Transporter Lymphocytes Lymphocytes? Fusion with host cell membrane
Feline leukemia virus T Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Felidae Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P0DOH3		 FeLIX
, Q9J054 		endogenous retrovirus surface protein Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes? Fusion with host cell membrane
Feline leukemia virus T Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Felidae Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P0DOH3		 SLC20A1(Pit1)
, Q8WUM9 		Transporter Muscle. placenta, heart, liver and kidney T-Lymphocytes Fusion with host cell membrane
Gibbon ape leukemia virus Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Apes Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P21415		 SLC20A1(Pit1)
, Q8WUM9 		Transporter Muscle. placenta, heart, liver and kidney Lymphocytes Fusion with host cell membrane
Murine leukemia virus Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Rodent Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, Q7ZJT7		 SLC19A2(Pit2)
, O60779 		Transporter ? Lymphocyte Fusion with host cell membrane
Endogenous murine type C ecotropic retrovirus Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Mouse Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P03395		 Slc7a1(CAT1)
, Q09143 		Transporter Skin, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract ? Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Endogenous xenotropic and polytropic murine leukemia virus Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Mouse Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, Q99043		 XPR1
, Q9UBH6 		Transporter ? ? Fusion with host cell membrane
Endogenous subgroup A avian leukosis and sarcoma virus Retroviridae, alpharetrovirus RT Env Chicken Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P03397		 Tva
, Q5QHE0 		Receptor ? Mostly lymphocytes ?
Endogenous subgroup B, D and E avian leukosis and sarcoma virus Retroviridae, alpharetrovirus RT Env Chicken Entry Envelope glycoprotein Tvb
, Q9IAR7 		Receptor ? Mostly lymphocytes ?
Bovine leukemia virus Retroviridae, deltaretrovirus RT Env Bovine, Ovine Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P51519		 AP3D1(BLVR)
, Q865S1 		? ? B lymphocytes ?
Mouse mammary tumor virus Retroviridae, betaretrovirus RT Env Mouse Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, Q85646		 Transferin receptor (TFRC)
, P02786		 Receptor Monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes primary: macrophages in Peyer s patches of the gastrointestinal tracts, secondary B and T lymphocytes Fusion with host cell membrane
Spleen necrosis virus Retroviridae, gammaretrovirus RT Env Duck Entry Envelope glycoprotein
, P31791		 SLC1A5
, Q15758 		Transporter Ubiquitous ? ?
HIV-1 Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Human Adhesion Envelope gp120
, P03377		 CD4
, P01730 		Receptor T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells T-lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
HIV-1 Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Human Adhesion Envelope gp120
, P03377		 DC-SIGN
, Q9NNX6 		Lectin Dendritic cells T-lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
HIV-1 Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Human Adhesion Envelope gp120
, P03377		 CLEC4M(L-SIGN)
, Q9H2X3 		Lectin liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and lymph node T-lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
HIV-1 Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Human Adhesion Envelope gp120
, P03377		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? T-lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
HIV-1 Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Human Adhesion Envelope gp120
, P03377		 ? Glycosphingolipid ? T-lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
HIV-1 Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Human Adhesion Host ICAM1
, P05362		 LFA+: Integrin αL, β2
, P20701 , P05107		 Adhesion molecule Lymphocytes T-lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
HIV-1 Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Human Entry Envelope gp120
, P03377		 CCR5
, P51681 		Receptor T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells T-lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
HIV-1 Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Human Entry Envelope gp120
, P03377		 CXCR4
, P61073 		Receptor Lymphocytes T-lymphocytes Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Simian immunodeficiency virus Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Apes Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein, P05884 CD4
, Q08338 		Receptor T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells T-lymphocytes ?
Feline immunodefficiency virus Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Felidae Adhesion Envelope glycoprotein
, P16090		 TNFRSF4
, P43489 		Receptor Lymphocyte T4-Lymphocyte ?
Feline immunodefficiency virus Retroviridae, lentivirus RT Env Felidae ? Envelope glycoprotein
, P16090		 CXCr4
, P61073 		Receptor Lymphocytes T4-Lymphocyte ?
Hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviridae, Orthohepadnavirus RT Env Human Adhesion Large envelope protein
, P03138		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? Hepatocyte Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviridae, Orthohepadnavirus RT Env Human Adhesion Large envelope protein
, P03138		 SLC10A1(NTCP)
, Q14973 		Transporter hepatocyte Hepatocyte Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviridae, Orthohepadnavirus RT Env Human Adhesion Large envelope protein
, P03138		 Mannose receptor(MRC1)
, P22897 		Receptor Macrophages, dendritic cells, dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes Hepatocyte Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Avian hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviridae, Avihepadnavirus RT Env Birds Entry Large envelope protein
, P03145		 Carboxypeptidase D
, O75976 		Peptidase ? hepatocyte Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis D virus "Deltavirus":/preview_by_species/175 cssRNA Env Human Adhesion Large envelope protein
, P03138		 Heparan sulfate
, CHEBI:28815		 Carbohydrate ? Hepatocyte Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis D virus "Deltavirus":/preview_by_species/175 cssRNA Env Human Adhesion Large envelope protein
, P03138		 SLC10A1(NTCP)
, Q14973 		Transporter hepatocyte Hepatocyte Caveolin-mediated endocytosis
Hepatitis D virus "Deltavirus":/preview_by_species/175 cssRNA Env Human Adhesion Large envelope protein
, P03138		 Mannose receptor(MRC1)
, P22897 		Receptor Macrophages, dendritic cells, dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes Hepatocyte Caveolin-mediated endocytosis